---
title: [11] Literally: “Even gaki are a multitude (or, ‘population’).” — In Ghostly Japan · tree and pragmatics
description: [11] Literally: “Even gaki are a multitude (or, ‘population’).” Who acts: gaki. A sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Morning Awakening After a Night’s Rest in a Temple, part 1, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# In Ghostly Japan, Morning Awakening After a Night’s Rest in a Temple, part 1, sentence 77

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\[11\] Literally: “Even gaki are a multitude (or, ‘population’).”

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**Who acts:** gaki · **What happens:** be · **To what, where:** multitude, 11

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This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Morning Awakening After a Night’s Rest in a Temple, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (gaki), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8128:24:78
# text = [11] Literally: “Even gaki are a multitude (or, ‘population’).”
1	[	[	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	11	11	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	]	]	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
4	Literally	literally	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
6	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	Even	even	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	gaki	gaki	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
9	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	multitude	multitude	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
12	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
15	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	population	population	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	’	'	PUNCT	''	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | gaki | a multitude |  |  |  | population *appos* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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