--- title: [12] Some authorities state that those _prêtas_ who suffer especiall… — In Ghostly Japan · tree and pragmatics description: [12] Some authorities state that those _prêtas_ who suffer especially from thirst, as a consequence of faults committed in former lives, are unable to see water.—This proverb is used in speaking of persons too stupid or vicious to perceive a moral truth. Who acts: 12 authorities, prêtas. A sentence --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/24/84/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [In Ghostly Japan](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/) / [Morning Awakening After a Night’s Rest…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/24/) / 84 # In Ghostly Japan, Morning Awakening After a Night’s Rest in a Temple, part 1, sentence 84 \[12\] Some authorities state that those \_prêtas\_ who suffer especially from thirst, as a consequence of faults committed in former lives, are unable to see water.—This proverb is used in speaking of persons too stupid or vicious to perceive a moral truth. **Who acts:** 12 authorities, prêtas · **What happens:** state, suffer, commit, be, see, use · **To what, where:** thirst, faults, former lives, water, proverb, speaking · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Morning Awakening After a Night’s Rest in a Temple, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (12 authorities, prêtas), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg8128:24:85 # text = [12] Some authorities state that those _prêtas_ who suffer especially from thirst, as a consequence of faults committed in former lives, are unable to see water.—This proverb is used in speaking of persons too stupid or vicious to perceive a moral truth. 1 [ [ PUNCT -LRB- _ 2 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 2 12 12 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 5 nummod _ SpaceAfter=No 3 ] ] PUNCT -RRB- _ 2 punct _ _ 4 Some some DET DT PronType=Ind 5 det _ _ 5 authorities authority NOUN NNS Number=Plur 6 nsubj _ _ 6 state state VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 7 that that SCONJ IN _ 29 mark _ _ 8 those that DET DT Number=Plur|PronType=Dem 10 det _ _ 9 _ _ PUNCT NFP _ 10 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 10 prêtas prêta NOUN NNS Number=Plur 29 nsubj _ SpaceAfter=No 11 _ _ PUNCT NFP _ 10 punct _ _ 12 who who PRON WP PronType=Rel 13 nsubj _ _ 13 suffer suffer VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 10 acl:relcl _ _ 14 especially especially ADV RB _ 13 advmod _ _ 15 from from ADP IN _ 16 case _ _ 16 thirst thirst NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 17 , , PUNCT , _ 20 punct _ _ 18 as as ADP IN _ 20 case _ _ 19 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 20 det _ _ 20 consequence consequence NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 conj _ _ 21 of of ADP IN _ 22 case _ _ 22 faults fault NOUN NNS Number=Plur 20 nmod _ _ 23 committed commit VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 22 acl _ _ 24 in in ADP IN _ 26 case _ _ 25 former former ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 26 amod _ _ 26 lives life NOUN NNS Number=Plur 23 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 27 , , PUNCT , _ 10 punct _ _ 28 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 29 cop _ _ 29 unable unable ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 6 advcl _ _ 30 to to PART TO _ 31 mark _ _ 31 see see VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 29 xcomp _ _ 32 water water NOUN NN Number=Sing 31 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 33 . . PUNCT . _ 6 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 34 — - PUNCT : _ 38 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 35 This this DET DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 36 det _ _ 36 proverb proverb NOUN NN Number=Sing 38 nsubj:pass _ _ 37 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 38 aux:pass _ _ 38 used use VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 6 conj _ _ 39 in in ADP IN _ 40 case _ _ 40 speaking speaking NOUN NN Number=Sing 38 obl _ _ 41 of of ADP IN _ 42 case _ _ 42 persons person NOUN NNS Number=Plur 40 nmod _ _ 43 too too ADV RB _ 44 advmod _ _ 44 stupid stupid ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 42 amod _ _ 45 or or CCONJ CC _ 46 cc _ _ 46 vicious vicious ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 44 conj _ _ 47 to to PART TO _ 48 mark _ _ 48 perceive perceive VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 46 xcomp _ _ 49 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 51 det _ _ 50 moral moral ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 51 amod _ _ 51 truth truth NOUN NN Number=Sing 48 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 52 . . PUNCT . _ 6 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **state** *speech: other* | present | some 12 authorities | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **suffer** | present | that prêtas and a consequence of faults | | | thirst | | especially *property* | vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | | 3 | **commit** | participle | | faults *not said here* | | former lives | | | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent in life=Destination | | 4 | **is** | present | that prêtas and a consequence of faults | | | | | unable *property* | tree rules | | 5 | **see** | to-infinitive | that prêtas and a consequence of faults *not said here* | water | | | | | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer water=Stimulus | | 6 | **use** | present · passive | | this proverb | | speaking of persons | | | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient | | 7 | **perceive** | to-infinitive | | a moral truth | | | | | vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer truth=Stimulus | | 8 | **speak** | | | persons | | | | | nom speaking «communication transitive»: of=patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 83](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/24/83/) - next →: [sentence 85](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/24/85/) - ↑ back to [Morning Awakening After a Night’s Rest in a Temple, part 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/24/)