---
title: [67] _Bodai_ is the same word as the Sanscrit _Bodhi_, signifying th… — In Ghostly Japan · tree and pragmatics
description: [67] _Bodai_ is the same word as the Sanscrit _Bodhi_, signifying the supreme enlightenment,—the knowledge that leads to Buddhahood; but it is often used by Japanese Buddhists in the sense of divine bliss, or the Buddha-state itself. Who acts: same word, knowledge, Japanese Buddhists. A sentence of 
---

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# In Ghostly Japan, Morning Awakening After a Night’s Rest in a Temple, part 2, sentence 167

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\[67\] \_Bodai\_ is the same word as the Sanscrit \_Bodhi\_, signifying the supreme enlightenment,—the knowledge that leads to Buddhahood; but it is often used by Japanese Buddhists in the sense of divine bliss, or the Buddha-state itself.

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**Who acts:** same word, knowledge, Japanese Buddhists · **What happens:** be, signify, lead, use, sense · **To what, where:** same word, supreme enlightenment, Buddhahood, enlightenment, sense, 67

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This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Morning Awakening After a Night’s Rest in a Temple, part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (same word, knowledge, Japanese Buddhists), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8128:25:167
# text = [67] _Bodai_ is the same word as the Sanscrit _Bodhi_, signifying the supreme enlightenment,—the knowledge that leads to Buddhahood; but it is often used by Japanese Buddhists in the sense of divine bliss, or the Buddha-state itself.
1	[	[	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	67	67	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	]	]	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
4	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	Bodai	Bodai	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	10	punct	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	same	same	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
11	as	as	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
13	Sanscrit	Sanscrit	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	_
14	_	_	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	Bodhi	Bodhi	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
18	signifying	signify	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	10	acl	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
20	supreme	supreme	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	enlightenment	enlightenment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	25	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	appos	_	_
26	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	27	nsubj	_	_
27	leads	lead	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	25	acl:relcl	_	_
28	to	to	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
29	Buddhahood	Buddhahood	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	27	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	35	punct	_	_
31	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	35	cc	_	_
32	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	35	nsubj:pass	_	_
33	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	35	aux:pass	_	_
34	often	often	ADV	RB	_	35	advmod	_	_
35	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
36	by	by	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
37	Japanese	Japanese	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	38	amod	_	_
38	Buddhists	Buddhist	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	35	obl:agent	_	_
39	in	in	ADP	IN	_	41	case	_	_
40	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	41	det	_	_
41	sense	sense	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	obl	_	_
42	of	of	ADP	IN	_	44	case	_	_
43	divine	divine	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	44	amod	_	_
44	bliss	bliss	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	41	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
45	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	50	punct	_	_
46	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	50	cc	_	_
47	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	50	det	_	_
48	Buddha	Buddha	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	50	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
49	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	48	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
50	state	state	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	41	appos	_	_
51	itself	itself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Emp|Reflex=Yes	50	nmod:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
52	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present |  | the same word |  |  |  | as the Sanscrit \_ Bodhi | tree rules |
| 2 | **signify** | gerund | the same word *not said here* | the supreme enlightenment |  |  |  |  | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot enlightenment=Theme |
| 3 | **lead** | present | the knowledge |  | Buddhahood |  |  |  | vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition to buddhahood=Patient |
| 4 | **use** | present · passive | Japanese Buddhists | enlightenment |  | the sense of divine bliss |  | often *property* | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient |
| 6 | **sense** |  |  | divine bliss |  |  |  |  | nom sense «cognition transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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