---
title: _ The bird that cries _korokoro_ in the mountain rice-field I know t… — In Ghostly Japan · tree and pragmatics
description: _ The bird that cries _korokoro_ in the mountain rice-field I know to be a _hototogisu;_—yet it may have been my father; it may have been my mother. Who acts: bird, I, mountain. A sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Morning Awakening After a Night’s Rest in a Temple, part 2, with its d
---

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# In Ghostly Japan, Morning Awakening After a Night’s Rest in a Temple, part 2, sentence 17

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
\_ The bird that cries \_korokoro\_ in the mountain rice-field I know to be a \_hototogisu;\_—yet it may have been my father; it may have been my mother.

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**Who acts:** bird, I, mountain · **What happens:** cry, know, be · **To what, where:** korokoro, rice field, \_ hototogisu, father, mother, bird · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Morning Awakening After a Night’s Rest in a Temple, part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (bird, I, mountain), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8128:25:17
# text = _ The bird that cries _korokoro_ in the mountain rice-field I know to be a _hototogisu;_—yet it may have been my father; it may have been my mother.
1	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	3	punct	_	_
2	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	bird	bird	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	5	nsubj	_	_
5	cries	cry	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	acl:relcl	_	_
6	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	korokoro	korokoro	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	7	punct	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
11	mountain	mountain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
12	rice	rice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	field	field	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
15	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
16	know	know	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	acl:relcl	_	_
17	to	to	PART	TO	_	21	mark	_	_
18	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	21	cop	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
20	_	_	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	hototogisu	hototogisu	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	31	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	31	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	31	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	yet	yet	CCONJ	CC	_	31	cc	_	_
26	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	31	nsubj	_	_
27	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	31	aux	_	_
28	have	have	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	31	aux	_	_
29	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	31	cop	_	_
30	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	31	nmod:poss	_	_
31	father	father	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	38	punct	_	_
33	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	38	nsubj	_	_
34	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	38	aux	_	_
35	have	have	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	38	aux	_	_
36	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	38	cop	_	_
37	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	38	nmod:poss	_	_
38	mother	mother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cry** *speech: express* | present | the bird yet my father and my mother | korokoro |  | the rice field  mountain |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent korokoro=Topic |
| 2 | **know** | present | I | the rice field  mountain *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer field=Stimulus |
| 3 | **is a** | to-infinitive |  | a \_ hototogisu |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **is a** | may · perfect | mountain | my father |  |  |  | my *nmod:poss* | tree rules |
| 5 | **is a** | may · perfect | mountain | my mother |  |  |  | my *nmod:poss* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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