--- title: [41] This verse-proverb is cited in the Buddhist work _Wōjō Yōshū_,… — In Ghostly Japan · tree and pragmatics description: [41] This verse-proverb is cited in the Buddhist work _Wōjō Yōshū_, with the following comment:—“Who knows whether the animal in the field, or the bird in the mountain-wood, has not been either his father or his mother in some former state of existence?”—The _hototogisu_ is a kind of cuckoo. Who act --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/25/19/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [In Ghostly Japan](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/) / [Morning Awakening After a Night’s Rest…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/25/) / 19 # In Ghostly Japan, Morning Awakening After a Night’s Rest in a Temple, part 2, sentence 19 \[41\] This verse-proverb is cited in the Buddhist work \_Wōjō Yōshū\_, with the following comment:—“Who knows whether the animal in the field, or the bird in the mountain-wood, has not been either his father or his mother in some former state of existence?”—The \_hototogisu\_ is a kind of cuckoo. **Who acts:** following comment, father, hototogisu \_ · **What happens:** cite, follow, know, not be, be · **To what, where:** verse proverb, Buddhist work, field, kind · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Morning Awakening After a Night’s Rest in a Temple, part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (following comment, father, hototogisu \_), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg8128:25:19 # text = [41] This verse-proverb is cited in the Buddhist work _Wōjō Yōshū_, with the following comment:—“Who knows whether the animal in the field, or the bird in the mountain-wood, has not been either his father or his mother in some former state of existence?”—The _hototogisu_ is a kind of cuckoo. 1 [ [ PUNCT -LRB- _ 2 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 2 41 41 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 9 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 3 ] ] PUNCT -RRB- _ 2 punct _ _ 4 This this DET DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 7 det _ _ 5 verse verse NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 compound _ SpaceAfter=No 6 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 5 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 7 proverb proverb NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 nsubj:pass _ _ 8 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 9 aux:pass _ _ 9 cited cite VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 10 in in ADP IN _ 13 case _ _ 11 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 13 det _ _ 12 Buddhist buddhist ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 13 amod _ _ 13 work work NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 obl _ _ 14 _ _ PUNCT NFP _ 15 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 15 Wōjō Wōjō PROPN NNP Number=Sing 13 appos _ _ 16 Yōshū Yōshū PROPN NNP Number=Sing 15 flat _ SpaceAfter=No 17 _ _ PUNCT NFP _ 9 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 18 , , PUNCT , _ 22 punct _ _ 19 with with ADP IN _ 22 case _ _ 20 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 22 det _ _ 21 following follow VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 22 amod _ _ 22 comment comment NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 parataxis _ SpaceAfter=No 23 : : PUNCT : _ 27 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 24 — - PUNCT : _ 27 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 25 “ " PUNCT `` _ 27 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 26 Who who PRON WP PronType=Rel 27 nsubj _ _ 27 knows know VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 22 parataxis _ _ 28 whether whether SCONJ IN _ 30 mark _ _ 29 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 30 det _ _ 30 animal animal NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 ccomp _ _ 31 in in ADP IN _ 33 case _ _ 32 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 33 det _ _ 33 field field NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 34 , , PUNCT , _ 37 punct _ _ 35 or or CCONJ CC _ 37 cc _ _ 36 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 37 det _ _ 37 bird bird NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 ccomp _ _ 38 in in ADP IN _ 42 case _ _ 39 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 42 det _ _ 40 mountain mountain NOUN NN Number=Sing 42 compound _ SpaceAfter=No 41 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 40 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 42 wood wood NOUN NN Number=Sing 37 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 43 , , PUNCT , _ 46 punct _ _ 44 has have AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 46 aux _ _ 45 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 46 advmod _ _ 46 been be VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 27 ccomp _ _ 47 either either CCONJ CC _ 49 cc:preconj _ _ 48 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 49 nmod:poss _ _ 49 father father NOUN NN Number=Sing 46 nsubj _ _ 50 or or CCONJ CC _ 52 cc _ _ 51 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 52 nmod:poss _ _ 52 mother mother NOUN NN Number=Sing 49 conj _ _ 53 in in ADP IN _ 56 case _ _ 54 some some DET DT PronType=Ind 56 det _ _ 55 former former ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 56 amod _ _ 56 state state NOUN NN Number=Sing 52 nmod _ _ 57 of of ADP IN _ 58 case _ _ 58 existence existence NOUN NN Number=Sing 56 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 59 ? ? PUNCT . _ 56 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 60 ” " PUNCT '' _ 49 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 61 — - PUNCT : _ 68 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 62 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 65 det _ _ 63 _ _ PUNCT NFP _ 65 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 64 hototogisu hototogisu NOUN NN Number=Sing 65 compound _ SpaceAfter=No 65 _ _ NOUN NN Number=Sing 68 nsubj _ _ 66 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 68 cop _ _ 67 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 68 det _ _ 68 kind kind NOUN NN Number=Sing 49 appos _ _ 69 of of ADP IN _ 70 case _ _ 70 cuckoo cuckoo NOUN NN Number=Sing 68 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 71 . . PUNCT . _ 9 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **cite** | present · passive | | this verse proverb | | the Buddhist work | | 41 *obl*; the following comment *parataxis* | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | | 2 | **follow** | gerund | | | | | | | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 3 | **know** *in a quote* | present | the following comment | | | the field | | the animal *ccomp*; the bird in the mountain wood *ccomp* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | | 4 | **not** **be** *in a quote* | present · perfect | animal's father or father's mother in some former state of existence | | | | | | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 5 | **is a** | present | the hototogisu \_ | a kind | | | | of cuckoo | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/25/18/) - next →: [sentence 20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/25/20/) - ↑ back to [Morning Awakening After a Night’s Rest in a Temple, part 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/25/)