---
title: There is an ironical play upon the word _hotoké_, which may mean eit… — In Ghostly Japan · tree and pragmatics
description: There is an ironical play upon the word _hotoké_, which may mean either a dead person simply, or a Buddha. Who acts: ironical play, hotoké. A sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Morning Awakening After a Night’s Rest in a Temple, part 2, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of e
---

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# In Ghostly Japan, Morning Awakening After a Night’s Rest in a Temple, part 2, sentence 210

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There is an ironical play upon the word \_hotoké\_, which may mean either a dead person simply, or a Buddha.

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**Who acts:** ironical play, hotoké · **What happens:** be, mean · **To what, where:** dead person

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This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Morning Awakening After a Night’s Rest in a Temple, part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (ironical play, hotoké), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8128:25:210
# text = There is an ironical play upon the word _hotoké_, which may mean either a dead person simply, or a Buddha.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	is	be	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	advcl	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	ironical	ironical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	play	play	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
6	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
9	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	hotoké	hotoké	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
13	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	15	nsubj	_	_
14	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	15	aux	_	_
15	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
16	either	either	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc:preconj	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	dead	dead	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	_
20	simply	simply	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
22	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
23	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	Buddha	Buddha	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	15	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | present | a ironical play upon the word |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **mean** | may | hotoké | a dead person |  |  |  | which *nsubj*; a Buddha *parataxis*; simply *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent person=Topic |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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