---
title: Such suicide is popularly thought to be a result of cruelty in some… — In Ghostly Japan · tree and pragmatics
description: Such suicide is popularly thought to be a result of cruelty in some previous state of being, or the consequence of having broken, in a former life, the mutual promise to become husband and wife. Who acts: consequence. A sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Morning Awakening After a Nigh
---

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# In Ghostly Japan, Morning Awakening After a Night’s Rest in a Temple, part 2, sentence 226

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Such suicide is popularly thought to be a result of cruelty in some previous state of being, or the consequence of having broken, in a former life, the mutual promise to become husband and wife.

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**Who acts:** consequence · **What happens:** think, be, have, break, become · **To what, where:** Such suicide, result, previous state, former life, husband · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Morning Awakening After a Night’s Rest in a Temple, part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (consequence), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8128:25:226
# text = Such suicide is popularly thought to be a result of cruelty in some previous state of being, or the consequence of having broken, in a former life, the mutual promise to become husband and wife.
1	Such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	suicide	suicide	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
4	popularly	popularly	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	thought	think	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
7	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	cop	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	result	result	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	ccomp	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	cruelty	cruelty	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	15	det	_	_
14	previous	previous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	state	state	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
17	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	21	cop	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
19	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	consequence	consequence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	_
22	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	23	mark	_	_
23	having	have	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	21	acl	_	_
24	broken	break	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	23	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
26	in	in	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
27	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
28	former	former	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	29	amod	_	_
29	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	33	punct	_	_
31	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
32	mutual	mutual	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	33	amod	_	_
33	promise	promise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
34	to	to	PART	TO	_	35	mark	_	_
35	become	become	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	33	acl	_	_
36	husband	husband	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	xcomp	_	_
37	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	38	cc	_	_
38	wife	wife	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **think** *speech: other* | present · passive |  | Such suicide |  |  |  | popularly *property* | vn wish-62 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **is a** | to-infinitive |  | a result and the mutual promise |  | some previous state |  | of cruelty; the mutual promise *conj* | tree rules |
| 3 | **is** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | of the consequence | tree rules |
| 4 | **have** | gerund | the consequence *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **break** | participle | the consequence *not said here* |  |  | a former life |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in life=Location |
| 6 | **become** | to-infinitive |  | husband and wife |  |  |  |  | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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