---
title: Parental affection, being the strongest of earthly attachments, is p… — In Ghostly Japan · tree and pragmatics
description: Parental affection, being the strongest of earthly attachments, is particularly apt to cause those whom it enslaves to commit wrongful acts in the hope of benefiting their offspring.—The term Sangai here signifies the three worlds of Desire, Form, and Formlessness,—all the states of existence below 
---

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# In Ghostly Japan, Morning Awakening After a Night’s Rest in a Temple, part 2, sentence 24

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Parental affection, being the strongest of earthly attachments, is particularly apt to cause those whom it enslaves to commit wrongful acts in the hope of benefiting their offspring.—The term Sangai here signifies the three worlds of Desire, Form, and Formlessness,—all the states of existence below Nirvâna.

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**Who acts:** Parental affection, affection, hope, term · **What happens:** be, cause, enslave, commit, benefit, signify · **To what, where:** those, wrongful acts, hope, offspring, three worlds

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This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Morning Awakening After a Night’s Rest in a Temple, part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Parental affection, affection, hope, term), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8128:25:24
# text = Parental affection, being the strongest of earthly attachments, is particularly apt to cause those whom it enslaves to commit wrongful acts in the hope of benefiting their offspring.—The term Sangai here signifies the three worlds of Desire, Form, and Formlessness,—all the states of existence below Nirvâna.
1	Parental	parental	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	affection	affection	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
4	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	cop	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	strongest	strong	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	2	nmod	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	earthly	earthly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	attachments	attachment	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
11	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
12	particularly	particularly	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
13	apt	apt	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
14	to	to	PART	TO	_	15	mark	_	_
15	cause	cause	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	advcl	_	_
16	those	that	PRON	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	15	obj	_	_
17	whom	whom	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	19	obj	_	_
18	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
19	enslaves	enslave	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	acl:relcl	_	_
20	to	to	PART	TO	_	21	mark	_	_
21	commit	commit	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	19	xcomp	_	_
22	wrongful	wrongful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
23	acts	act	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	obj	_	_
24	in	in	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	hope	hope	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obl	_	_
27	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	28	mark	_	_
28	benefiting	benefit	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	26	acl	_	_
29	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	30	nmod:poss	_	_
30	offspring	offspring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	37	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
34	term	term	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	37	nsubj	_	_
35	Sangai	Sangai	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	34	appos	_	_
36	here	here	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	37	advmod	_	_
37	signifies	signify	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	conj	_	_
38	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	40	det	_	_
39	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	40	nummod	_	_
40	worlds	world	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	37	obj	_	_
41	of	of	ADP	IN	_	42	case	_	_
42	Desire	Desire	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	40	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
43	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	44	punct	_	_
44	Form	Form	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	42	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
45	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	47	punct	_	_
46	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	47	cc	_	_
47	Formlessness	formlessness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	37	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
48	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	52	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
49	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	52	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
50	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	52	det:predet	_	_
51	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	52	det	_	_
52	states	state	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	37	obl	_	_
53	of	of	ADP	IN	_	54	case	_	_
54	existence	existence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	52	nmod	_	_
55	below	below	ADP	IN	_	56	case	_	_
56	Nirvâna	Nirvâna	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	54	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
57	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | of earthly attachments; strong *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present | Parental affection |  |  |  |  | apt, particularly *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **cause** | to-infinitive | Parental affection *not said here* | those |  |  |  |  | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition that=Patient |
| 4 | **enslave** | present | affection |  |  |  |  | whom *obj* | tree rules |
| 5 | **commit** | to-infinitive | affection *not said here* | wrongful acts |  | the hope |  |  | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent act=Theme in hope=Destination |
| 6 | **benefit** | gerund | the hope *not said here* | acts's offspring |  |  |  |  | vn benefit-72.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer offspring=Beneficiary |
| 7 | **signify** | present | the term | the three worlds of Desire |  | here |  | Formlessness *obl*; all states of existence below Nirvâna *obl* | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot world=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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