---
title: “Those texts,” he interrupted, “refer to imperfect beings—less than… — In Ghostly Japan · tree and pragmatics
description: “Those texts,” he interrupted, “refer to imperfect beings—less than man and less than woman: they could not refer to the condition that I have been supposing…. Who acts: texts, condition. A sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Morning Awakening After a Night’s Rest in a Temple, part 3, 
---

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# In Ghostly Japan, Morning Awakening After a Night’s Rest in a Temple, part 3, sentence 36

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“Those texts,” he interrupted, “refer to imperfect beings—less than man and less than woman: they could not refer to the condition that I have been supposing….

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**Who acts:** texts, condition · **What happens:** interrupt, refer, not refer, suppose · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Morning Awakening After a Night’s Rest in a Temple, part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (texts, condition), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8128:26:36
# text = “Those texts,” he interrupted, “refer to imperfect beings—less than man and less than woman: they could not refer to the condition that I have been supposing….
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Those	that	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	3	det	_	_
3	texts	text	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
6	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	interrupted	interrupt	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	26	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	refer	refer	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	ccomp	_	_
11	to	to	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	imperfect	imperfect	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	beings	being	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	less	less	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	10	parataxis	_	_
16	than	than	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
19	less	less	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp|ExtPos=ADV	21	advmod	_	_
20	than	than	ADP	IN	_	19	fixed	_	_
21	woman	woman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	_
23	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	26	nsubj	_	_
24	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	26	aux	_	_
25	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	26	advmod	_	_
26	refer	refer	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
27	to	to	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
29	condition	condition	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obl	_	_
30	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	34	nsubj	_	_
31	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	34	nsubj	_	_
32	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	34	aux	_	_
33	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	34	aux	_	_
34	supposing	suppose	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	29	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	….	..	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **interrupt** | past | that texts |  |  |  |  | Saddharma *nsubj* | tree rules |
| 2 | **refer** *in a quote* | infinitive | that texts *not said here* |  |  |  |  | to imperfect beings | vn relate-86.2-2 «NP V PP.co-theme»: agent=Theme to being=Co-Theme |
| 3 | **not** **refer** *in a quote* | could | texts *= text* |  |  |  |  | to the condition | vn relate-86.2-2 «NP V PP.co-theme»: agent=Theme to condition=Co-Theme |
| 4 | **suppose** *in a quote* | present · perfect · progressive | the condition |  |  |  |  | I *nsubj* | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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