---
title: I whispered the Buddhist formula of farewell—to the lights,—and made… — In Ghostly Japan · tree and pragmatics
description: I whispered the Buddhist formula of farewell—to the lights,—and made speed for shore. Who acts: I. A sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Story of a Tengu[1], with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/27/117/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [In Ghostly Japan](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/) / [Story of a Tengu\[1\]](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/27/) / 117

# In Ghostly Japan, Story of a Tengu\[1\], sentence 117

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I whispered the Buddhist formula of farewell—to the lights,—and made speed for shore.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** I · **What happens:** whisper, make · **To what, where:** Buddhist formula, lights, speed

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Story of a Tengu\[1\]. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8128:27:118
# text = I whispered the Buddhist formula of farewell—to the lights,—and made speed for shore.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	whispered	whisper	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	Buddhist	buddhist	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	formula	formula	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	farewell	farewell	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	lights	light	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
16	speed	speed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	_
17	for	for	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	shore	shore	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **whisper** *speech: assert* | past | I | the Buddhist formula of farewell | the lights |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent formula=Topic to light=Recipient |
| 2 | **make** | past |  | speed |  |  |  | for shore | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP P.asset»: agent=Agent speed=Product for shore=Asset |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [sentence 116](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/27/116/)
- next →: [sentence 118](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/27/118/)
- ↑ back to [Story of a Tengu\[1\]](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/27/)