---
title: “She had a lover in Ajiro, several _ri_ distant; and she used to swi… — In Ghostly Japan · tree and pragmatics
description: “She had a lover in Ajiro, several _ri_ distant; and she used to swim to him at night, and swim back in the morning. Who acts: daughter, you. A sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Story of a Tengu[1], with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# In Ghostly Japan, Story of a Tengu\[1\], sentence 137

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“She had a lover in Ajiro, several \_ri\_ distant; and she used to swim to him at night, and swim back in the morning.

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**Who acts:** daughter, you · **What happens:** have, use, swim, swim back · **To what, where:** lover, Ajiro, ri

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This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Story of a Tengu\[1\]. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (daughter, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8128:27:138
# text = “She had a lover in Ajiro, several _ri_ distant; and she used to swim to him at night, and swim back in the morning.
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	26	advcl	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	lover	lover	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Ajiro	Ajiro	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	several	several	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	obj	_	_
10	_	_	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	ri	RI	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	13	punct	_	_
13	distant	distant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
16	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
17	used	use	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
18	to	to	PART	TO	_	19	mark	_	_
19	swim	swim	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	xcomp	_	_
20	to	to	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	obl	_	_
22	at	at	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
26	swim	swim	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
27	back	back	ADV	RB	_	26	advmod	_	_
28	in	in	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	morning	morning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	26	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** *in a quote* | past | daughter | a lover |  | Ajiro |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **use** *in a quote* | past | daughter |  |  |  |  |  | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 3 | **swim** *in a quote* | to-infinitive | daughter *not said here* |  | ri |  | night |  | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme to he=Destination |
| 4 | **swim back** *in a quote* | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  | morning |  | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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