---
title: I thought of the great dead Russian general who made his army to sto… — In Ghostly Japan · tree and pragmatics
description: I thought of the great dead Russian general who made his army to storm as a sea,—wave upon wave of steel,—thunder following thunder…. Who acts: I, great dead Russian general, thunder. A sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Story of a Tengu[1], with its dependency tree and the pragmatics
---

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# In Ghostly Japan, Story of a Tengu\[1\], sentence 149

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I thought of the great dead Russian general who made his army to storm as a sea,—wave upon wave of steel,—thunder following thunder….

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**Who acts:** I, great dead Russian general, thunder · **What happens:** think, make, storm, wave, follow · **To what, where:** army, wave, thunder, steel · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Story of a Tengu\[1\]. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, great dead Russian general, thunder), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8128:27:150
# text = I thought of the great dead Russian general who made his army to storm as a sea,—wave upon wave of steel,—thunder following thunder….
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	thought	think	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
5	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
6	dead	dead	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
7	Russian	Russian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	general	general	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
9	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	10	nsubj	_	_
10	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	acl:relcl	_	_
11	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	army	army	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
13	to	to	PART	TO	_	14	mark	_	_
14	storm	storm	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	advcl	_	_
15	as	as	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	wave	wave	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	ccomp	_	_
21	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	wave	wave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	_
23	of	of	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
24	steel	steel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	27	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	thunder	thunder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	parataxis	_	_
28	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	27	acl	_	_
29	thunder	thunder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	….	..	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **think** *speech: other* | past | I |  |  |  |  | of the great dead Russian general | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **make** | past | the great dead Russian general | peal's army |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent army=Product |
| 3 | **storm** | to-infinitive | the great dead Russian general *not said here* |  |  |  |  | as a sea | vn weather-57 «It V PP.theme» |
| 4 | **wave** | infinitive |  |  |  | wave of steel |  | thunder *parataxis* | vn modes\_of\_being\_with\_motion-47.3 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme upon wave=Location |
| 5 | **follow** | gerund | thunder *not said here* | thunder |  |  |  |  | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thunder=Theme |
| 6 | **wave** |  |  | steel |  |  |  |  | nom wave «event transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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