---
title: Long I lay awake that night, and listened to the thunder-rolls and c… — In Ghostly Japan · tree and pragmatics
description: Long I lay awake that night, and listened to the thunder-rolls and crashings of the mighty tide. Who acts: I. A sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Story of a Tengu[1], with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# In Ghostly Japan, Story of a Tengu\[1\], sentence 168

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Long I lay awake that night, and listened to the thunder-rolls and crashings of the mighty tide.

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**Who acts:** I · **What happens:** lie, listen

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This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Story of a Tengu\[1\]. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8128:27:169
# text = Long I lay awake that night, and listened to the thunder-rolls and crashings of the mighty tide.
1	Long	long	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	3	advmod	_	_
2	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	lay	lie	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	awake	awake	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	_
5	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	6	det	_	_
6	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	listened	listen	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
10	to	to	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
12	thunder	thunder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	rolls	roll	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	crashings	crashing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	conj	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
19	mighty	mighty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	tide	tide	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lie** | past | I |  |  |  | night | awake, long *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **listen** | past | I *not said here* |  |  |  |  | to the thunder rolls and crashings of the mighty tide | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent to roll=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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