---
title: And in one way we ourselves are as Gods,—since it is only the sum of… — In Ghostly Japan · tree and pragmatics
description: And in one way we ourselves are as Gods,—since it is only the sum of the pains and the joys of past lives innumerable that makes for us, through memory organic, the ecstasy of music. Who acts: we, way, that. A sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Story of a Tengu[1], with its dependency
---

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# In Ghostly Japan, Story of a Tengu\[1\], sentence 192

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And in one way we ourselves are as Gods,—since it is only the sum of the pains and the joys of past lives innumerable that makes for us, through memory organic, the ecstasy of music.

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**Who acts:** we, way, that · **What happens:** be, make, joy · **To what, where:** sum, one way, past lives

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This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Story of a Tengu\[1\]. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (we, way, that), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8128:27:193
# text = And in one way we ourselves are as Gods,—since it is only the sum of the pains and the joys of past lives innumerable that makes for us, through memory organic, the ecstasy of music.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
6	ourselves	ourselves	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	5	nmod	_	_
7	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
8	as	as	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	Gods	god	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	since	since	SCONJ	IN	_	17	mark	_	_
13	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
14	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	cop	_	_
15	only	only	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	sum	sum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	pains	pain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	nmod	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	joys	joy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	conj	_	_
24	of	of	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	past	past	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	amod	_	_
26	lives	life	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	nmod	_	_
27	innumerable	innumerable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	conj	_	_
28	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	29	nsubj	_	_
29	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	parataxis	_	_
30	for	for	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
31	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	29	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	35	punct	_	_
33	through	through	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
34	memory	memory	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	compound	_	_
35	organic	organic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	38	punct	_	_
37	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	38	det	_	_
38	ecstasy	ecstasy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	appos	_	_
39	of	of	ADP	IN	_	40	case	_	_
40	music	music	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	38	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
41	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | we |  |  |  |  | as Gods and the sum | tree rules |
| 2 | **is a** | present | way | the sum |  |  |  | of the pains and the joys of past lives | tree rules |
| 3 | **make** | present | that |  |  |  |  | for us; memory organic *parataxis* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent for we=Beneficiary |
| 5 | **joy** |  |  | past lives |  |  |  |  | nom joy «feeling transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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