---
title: At last a voice suddenly resounded above him,—a wonderful voice, dee… — In Ghostly Japan · tree and pragmatics
description: At last a voice suddenly resounded above him,—a wonderful voice, deep and clear like the pealing of a mighty bell,—the voice of the Buddha Sâkyamuni proclaiming the Perfect Way. Who acts: last voice, voice, mighty bell. A sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Story of a Tengu[1], with it
---

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# In Ghostly Japan, Story of a Tengu\[1\], sentence 41

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At last a voice suddenly resounded above him,—a wonderful voice, deep and clear like the pealing of a mighty bell,—the voice of the Buddha Sâkyamuni proclaiming the Perfect Way.

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**Who acts:** last voice, voice, mighty bell · **What happens:** resound, proclaim, peal · **To what, where:** wonderful voice, Perfect Way

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This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Story of a Tengu\[1\]. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (last voice, voice, mighty bell), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8128:27:41
# text = At last a voice suddenly resounded above him,—a wonderful voice, deep and clear like the pealing of a mighty bell,—the voice of the Buddha Sâkyamuni proclaiming the Perfect Way.
1	At	at	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	voice	voice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
5	suddenly	suddenly	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	resounded	resound	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	above	above	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	wonderful	wonderful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	voice	voice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	deep	deep	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	clear	clear	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	conj	_	_
18	like	like	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	pealing	pealing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
21	of	of	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
22	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
23	mighty	mighty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	amod	_	_
24	bell	bell	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	28	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	voice	voice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	_
29	of	of	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
31	Buddha	Buddha	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	28	nmod	_	_
32	Sâkyamuni	Sâkyamuni	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	31	flat	_	_
33	proclaiming	proclaim	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	28	acl	_	_
34	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	36	det	_	_
35	Perfect	Perfect	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	36	compound	_	_
36	Way	Way	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	33	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **resound** | past | a last voice | a wonderful voice and the voice of the Buddha |  |  |  | above priest; suddenly *property* | vn sound\_existence-47.4 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme above he=Location |
| 2 | **proclaim** | gerund | the voice of the Buddha *not said here* | the Perfect Way |  |  |  |  | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent way=Theme |
| 3 | **peal** |  | a mighty bell |  |  |  |  |  | nom pealing «event intransitive»: of=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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