---
title: Now there were no pines about him, but strange shining trees made of… — In Ghostly Japan · tree and pragmatics
description: Now there were no pines about him, but strange shining trees made of the Seven Precious Substances, with foliage and fruit of gems;—and the ground was covered with Mandârava and Manjûshaka flowers showered from heaven;—and the night was filled with fragrance and splendour and the sweetness of the gr
---

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# In Ghostly Japan, Story of a Tengu\[1\], sentence 43

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Now there were no pines about him, but strange shining trees made of the Seven Precious Substances, with foliage and fruit of gems;—and the ground was covered with Mandârava and Manjûshaka flowers showered from heaven;—and the night was filled with fragrance and splendour and the sweetness of the great Voice.

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**Who acts:** pines, strange shining trees · **What happens:** be, shine, make, cover, shower, fill · **To what, where:** strange shining trees, ground, heaven, night

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This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Story of a Tengu\[1\]. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (pines, strange shining trees), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8128:27:43
# text = Now there were no pines about him, but strange shining trees made of the Seven Precious Substances, with foliage and fruit of gems;—and the ground was covered with Mandârava and Manjûshaka flowers showered from heaven;—and the night was filled with fragrance and splendour and the sweetness of the great Voice.
1	Now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	3	advmod	_	_
2	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	3	expl	_	_
3	were	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	47	advcl	_	_
4	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	5	det	_	_
5	pines	pine	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
6	about	about	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	38	punct	_	_
9	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	38	cc	_	_
10	strange	strange	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
11	shining	shine	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	12	amod	_	_
12	trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	38	nsubj	_	_
13	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	acl	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
16	Seven	seven	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	18	nummod	_	_
17	Precious	precious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	Substances	substance	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
20	with	with	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	foliage	foliage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	conj	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
23	fruit	fruit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	conj	_	_
24	of	of	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	gems	gem	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	32	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	32	cc	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	nsubj:pass	_	_
31	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	32	aux:pass	_	_
32	covered	cover	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	acl	_	_
33	with	with	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
34	Mandârava	Mandârava	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	37	compound	_	_
35	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	36	cc	_	_
36	Manjûshaka	Manjûshaka	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	34	conj	_	_
37	flowers	flower	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	32	obl	_	_
38	showered	shower	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
39	from	from	ADP	IN	_	40	case	_	_
40	heaven	heaven	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	38	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
41	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
42	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	47	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
43	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	47	cc	_	_
44	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	45	det	_	_
45	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	47	nsubj:pass	_	_
46	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	47	aux:pass	_	_
47	filled	fill	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
48	with	with	ADP	IN	_	49	case	_	_
49	fragrance	fragrance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	47	obl	_	_
50	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	51	cc	_	_
51	splendour	splendour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	49	conj	_	_
52	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	54	cc	_	_
53	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	54	det	_	_
54	sweetness	sweetness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	49	conj	_	_
55	of	of	ADP	IN	_	58	case	_	_
56	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	58	det	_	_
57	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	58	amod	_	_
58	Voice	Voice	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	54	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
59	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	47	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | past | no pines about priest |  |  | there | now |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **shine** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **make** | participle |  | strange shining trees *not said here* |  |  |  | of the Seven Precious Substances and foliage and fruit of gems | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
| 4 | **cover** | past · passive | strange shining trees *not said here* | the ground |  |  |  | with Mandârava flowers | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination with flower=Theme |
| 5 | **shower** | past | strange shining trees |  |  | heaven |  |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 6 | **fill** | past · passive |  | the night |  |  |  | with fragrance and splendour and the sweetness of the great Voice | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: subject=Patient with fragrance=Instrument |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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