--- title: This rampart, on the water-side, is built in the form of terrace-ste… — In Ghostly Japan · tree and pragmatics description: This rampart, on the water-side, is built in the form of terrace-steps;—the rounded stones of which it is composed being kept in position by a sort of basket-work woven between rows of stakes driven deeply into the ground,—a separate row of stakes sustaining each of the grades. Who acts: sort, stake --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/27/60/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [In Ghostly Japan](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/) / [Story of a Tengu\[1\]](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/27/) / 60 # In Ghostly Japan, Story of a Tengu\[1\], sentence 60 This rampart, on the water-side, is built in the form of terrace-steps;—the rounded stones of which it is composed being kept in position by a sort of basket-work woven between rows of stakes driven deeply into the ground,—a separate row of stakes sustaining each of the grades. **Who acts:** sort, stakes · **What happens:** build, round, keep, weave, drive, sustain · **To what, where:** rampart, form, rounded stones, position, basket work, rows This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Story of a Tengu\[1\]. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (sort, stakes), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg8128:27:61 # text = This rampart, on the water-side, is built in the form of terrace-steps;—the rounded stones of which it is composed being kept in position by a sort of basket-work woven between rows of stakes driven deeply into the ground,—a separate row of stakes sustaining each of the grades. 1 This this DET DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 2 det _ _ 2 rampart rampart NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 nsubj:pass _ SpaceAfter=No 3 , , PUNCT , _ 8 punct _ _ 4 on on ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 5 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 8 det _ _ 6 water water NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 compound _ SpaceAfter=No 7 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 6 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 8 side side NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 9 , , PUNCT , _ 2 punct _ _ 10 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 11 aux:pass _ _ 11 built build VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 12 in in ADP IN _ 14 case _ _ 13 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 14 det _ _ 14 form form NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 obl _ _ 15 of of ADP IN _ 18 case _ _ 16 terrace terrace NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 compound _ SpaceAfter=No 17 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 16 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 18 steps step NOUN NNS Number=Plur 14 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 19 ; ; PUNCT , _ 11 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 20 — - PUNCT : _ 23 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 21 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 23 det _ _ 22 rounded round VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 23 amod _ _ 23 stones stone NOUN NNS Number=Plur 30 nsubj:pass _ _ 24 of of ADP IN _ 25 case _ _ 25 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 28 obl _ _ 26 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 28 nsubj:pass _ _ 27 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 28 aux:pass _ _ 28 composed compose VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 30 aux:pass _ _ 29 being be AUX VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 30 aux:pass _ _ 30 kept keep VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 11 parataxis _ _ 31 in in ADP IN _ 32 case _ _ 32 position position NOUN NN Number=Sing 30 obl _ _ 33 by by ADP IN _ 35 case _ _ 34 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 35 det _ _ 35 sort sort NOUN NN Number=Sing 30 obl _ _ 36 of of ADP IN _ 39 case _ _ 37 basket basket NOUN NN Number=Sing 39 compound _ SpaceAfter=No 38 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 37 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 39 work work NOUN NN Number=Sing 35 nmod _ _ 40 woven weave VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 39 acl _ _ 41 between between ADP IN _ 42 case _ _ 42 rows row NOUN NNS Number=Plur 40 obl _ _ 43 of of ADP IN _ 44 case _ _ 44 stakes stake NOUN NNS Number=Plur 42 nmod _ _ 45 driven drive VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 44 acl _ _ 46 deeply deeply ADV RB _ 45 advmod _ _ 47 into into ADP IN _ 49 case _ _ 48 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 49 det _ _ 49 ground ground NOUN NN Number=Sing 45 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 50 , , PUNCT , _ 54 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 51 — - PUNCT : _ 54 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 52 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 54 det _ _ 53 separate separate ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 54 amod _ _ 54 row row NOUN NN Number=Sing 35 conj _ _ 55 of of ADP IN _ 56 case _ _ 56 stakes stake NOUN NNS Number=Plur 54 nmod _ _ 57 sustaining sustain VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 56 acl _ _ 58 each each DET DT PronType=Tot 57 obj _ _ 59 of of ADP IN _ 61 case _ _ 60 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 61 det _ _ 61 grades grade NOUN NNS Number=Plur 58 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 62 . . PUNCT . _ 11 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **build** | present · passive | | this rampart and the water side | | the form of terrace steps | | | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product | | 2 | **round** | participle | | | | | | | vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | | 3 | **keep** | participle · passive | a sort of basket work and a separate row of stakes | the rounded stones | | position | | | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent subject=Theme in position=Location | | 4 | **weave** | participle | | basket work *not said here* | | rows of stakes | | | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme between row=Trajectory | | 5 | **drive** | participle | | stakes *not said here* | | the ground | | deeply *property* | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent into ground=Trajectory | | 6 | **sustain** | gerund | stakes *not said here* | each of the grades | | | | | vn sustain-55.6 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent each=Theme | | 7 | **form** | | | terrace steps | | | | | nom form «communication transitive»: of=patient | | 8 | **sort** | | | basket work | | | | | nom sort «cognition transitive»: of=patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 59](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/27/59/) - next →: [sentence 61](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/27/61/) - ↑ back to [Story of a Tengu\[1\]](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/27/)