---
title: They are very large,—capable of carrying forty or fifty men each;—an… — In Ghostly Japan · tree and pragmatics
description: They are very large,—capable of carrying forty or fifty men each;—and they have queer high prows, to which Buddhist or Shintō charms (_mamori_ or _shugo_) are usually attached. Who acts: boats. A sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Story of a Tengu[1], with its dependency tree and the 
---

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# In Ghostly Japan, Story of a Tengu\[1\], sentence 66

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They are very large,—capable of carrying forty or fifty men each;—and they have queer high prows, to which Buddhist or Shintō charms (\_mamori\_ or \_shugo\_) are usually attached.

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**Who acts:** boats · **What happens:** be, carry, have, charm, attach · **To what, where:** forty men, queer high prows, Buddhist charms

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This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Story of a Tengu\[1\]. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (boats), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8128:27:67
# text = They are very large,—capable of carrying forty or fifty men each;—and they have queer high prows, to which Buddhist or Shintō charms (_mamori_ or _shugo_) are usually attached.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	very	very	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	capable	capable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	_
8	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
9	carrying	carry	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	advcl	_	_
10	forty	forty	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	13	nummod	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	fifty	fifty	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	10	conj	_	_
13	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	_
14	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	9	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
18	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
19	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
20	queer	queer	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
21	high	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	prows	prow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
24	to	to	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	29	nsubj	_	_
26	Buddhist	Buddhist	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	29	compound	_	_
27	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
28	Shintō	Shintō	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	26	conj	_	_
29	charms	charm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	41	nsubj:pass	_	_
30	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	32	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	32	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	mamori	mamori	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	36	punct	_	_
34	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	36	cc	_	_
35	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	36	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	shugo	shugo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	29	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	29	punct	_	_
39	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	41	aux:pass	_	_
40	usually	usually	ADV	RB	_	41	advmod	_	_
41	attached	attach	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
42	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | boats *= boat* |  |  |  |  | large *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | boats *= boat* *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **carry** | gerund | boats *= boat* *not said here* | forty men |  |  |  |  | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent man=Theme |
| 4 | **have** | present | boats *= boat* | queer high prows |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent prow=Patient |
| 5 | **charm** |  |  |  |  |  |  | which *nsubj*; mamori *conj*; shugo *conj* | tree rules |
| 6 | **attach** | present · passive |  | Buddhist charms and mamori or shugo |  |  |  | usually *property* | vn shake-22.3-2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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