---
title: A kind of slipway is improvised in a moment by laying flat wooden fr… — In Ghostly Japan · tree and pragmatics
description: A kind of slipway is improvised in a moment by laying flat wooden frames on the slope in a line; and over these frames the flat-bottomed vessels are hauled up or down by means of long ropes. A sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Story of a Tengu[1], with its dependency tree and the pra
---

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# In Ghostly Japan, Story of a Tengu\[1\], sentence 74

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A kind of slipway is improvised in a moment by laying flat wooden frames on the slope in a line; and over these frames the flat-bottomed vessels are hauled up or down by means of long ropes.

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**What happens:** improvise, lay, bottom, haul up, mean · **To what, where:** kind, flat wooden frames, slope, bottomed vessels, frames

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This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Story of a Tengu\[1\]. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8128:27:75
# text = A kind of slipway is improvised in a moment by laying flat wooden frames on the slope in a line; and over these frames the flat-bottomed vessels are hauled up or down by means of long ropes.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	kind	kind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	slipway	slipway	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	improvised	improvise	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	moment	moment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
10	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
11	laying	lay	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	advcl	_	_
12	flat	flat	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
13	wooden	wooden	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	frames	frame	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obj	_	_
15	on	on	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	slope	slope	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
18	in	in	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	line	line	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	32	punct	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	32	cc	_	_
23	over	over	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	25	det	_	_
25	frames	frame	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	32	obl	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
27	flat	flat	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	29	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	27	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	bottomed	bottom	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	30	amod	_	_
30	vessels	vessel	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	32	nsubj:pass	_	_
31	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	32	aux:pass	_	_
32	hauled	haul	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	conj	_	_
33	up	up	ADP	RP	_	32	compound:prt	_	_
34	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	35	cc	_	_
35	down	down	ADV	RB	_	32	conj	_	_
36	by	by	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
37	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	32	advcl	_	_
38	of	of	ADP	IN	_	40	case	_	_
39	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	40	amod	_	_
40	ropes	rope	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	37	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
41	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **improvise** | present · passive |  | a kind of slipway |  |  | moment |  | vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Result |
| 2 | **lay** | gerund |  | flat wooden frames |  | the slope in a line |  |  | vn put\_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent frame=Theme on slope=Destination |
| 3 | **bottom** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **haul up** | present · passive |  | the bottomed vessels |  | this frames |  |  | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 5 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  | of long ropes | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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