---
title: In many parts of Japan, the ghosts are furnished with miniature ship… — In Ghostly Japan · tree and pragmatics
description: In many parts of Japan, the ghosts are furnished with miniature ships for their voyage,—little models of junks or fishing-craft, each containing offerings of food and water and kindled incense; also a tiny lantern or lamp, if the ghost-ship be despatched at night. Who acts: ghosts. A sentence of «In
---

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# In Ghostly Japan, Story of a Tengu\[1\], sentence 87

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In many parts of Japan, the ghosts are furnished with miniature ships for their voyage,—little models of junks or fishing-craft, each containing offerings of food and water and kindled incense; also a tiny lantern or lamp, if the ghost-ship be despatched at night.

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**Who acts:** ghosts · **What happens:** furnish, contain, kindle, despatch, voyage, model · **To what, where:** ghosts, many parts, incense, ghost ship, junks, food

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This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Story of a Tengu\[1\]. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (ghosts), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8128:27:88
# text = In many parts of Japan, the ghosts are furnished with miniature ships for their voyage,—little models of junks or fishing-craft, each containing offerings of food and water and kindled incense; also a tiny lantern or lamp, if the ghost-ship be despatched at night.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	parts	part	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obl	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Japan	Japan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	ghosts	ghost	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj:pass	_	_
9	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux:pass	_	_
10	furnished	furnish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
11	with	with	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	miniature	miniature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	_
13	ships	ship	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obl	_	_
14	for	for	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
16	voyage	voyage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	models	model	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	conj	_	_
21	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	junks	junk	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	nmod	_	_
23	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
24	fishing	fishing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	24	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	craft	craft	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
28	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	30	det	_	_
29	containing	contain	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	30	amod	_	_
30	offerings	offering	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	conj	_	_
31	of	of	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
32	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	nmod	_	_
33	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	34	cc	_	_
34	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	conj	_	_
35	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	36	cc	_	_
36	kindled	kindle	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	conj	_	_
37	incense	incense	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	42	punct	_	_
39	also	also	ADV	RB	_	42	advmod	_	_
40	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	42	det	_	_
41	tiny	tiny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	42	amod	_	_
42	lantern	lantern	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
43	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	44	cc	_	_
44	lamp	lamp	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	42	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
45	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	52	punct	_	_
46	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	52	mark	_	_
47	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	50	det	_	_
48	ghost	ghost	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	50	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
49	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	48	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
50	ship	ship	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	52	nsubj:pass	_	_
51	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	52	aux:pass	_	_
52	despatched	despatch	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	conj	_	_
53	at	at	ADP	IN	_	54	case	_	_
54	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	52	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
55	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **furnish** | present · passive |  | the ghosts |  | many parts of Japan |  | with miniature ships; for ghosts's voyage and little models of junks or fishing craft and each containing offerings of food and water; a tiny lantern or lamp *obl* | vn fulfilling-13.4.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: subject=Theme for voyage=Recipient |
| 2 | **contain** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprise-107.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot |
| 3 | **kindle** | past |  | incense |  |  |  |  | vn engender-27.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition incense=Patient |
| 4 | **despatch** *a condition, not said to happen* | infinitive · passive |  | the ghost ship |  |  | night |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **voyage** |  | ghosts *= ghost* |  |  |  |  |  | nom voyage «act transitive»: poss=agent |
| 6 | **model** |  |  | junks |  |  |  |  | nom model «cognition transitive»: of=patient |
| 7 | **offer** |  |  | food and water |  |  |  |  | nom offering «communication transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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