---
title: Scarcely had he fallen asleep when a rat ran across his face and wok… — In Ghostly Japan · tree and pragmatics
description: Scarcely had he fallen asleep when a rat ran across his face and woke him with a start. Who acts: Scarcely, rat. A sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 1, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# In Ghostly Japan, Names of Incense Used., part 1, sentence 103

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Scarcely had he fallen asleep when a rat ran across his face and woke him with a start.

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**Who acts:** Scarcely, rat · **What happens:** have, fall, run, wake · **To what, where:** face, Shōko

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This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Scarcely, rat), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8128:3:105
# text = Scarcely had he fallen asleep when a rat ran across his face and woke him with a start.
1	Scarcely	Scarcely	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	fallen	fall	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	2	xcomp	_	_
5	asleep	asleep	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	xcomp	_	_
6	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	9	advmod	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	rat	rat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
9	ran	run	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
10	across	across	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	face	face	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	woke	wake	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
15	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	obj	_	_
16	with	with	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	start	start	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | Scarcely |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **fall** | participle | Scarcely |  |  |  |  | asleep *property* | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **run** | past | a rat |  |  | Shōko's face |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme across face=Trajectory |
| 4 | **wake** | past | Scarcely *not said here* | Shōko |  |  |  | with a start | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent he=Patient with start=Instrument |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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