---
title: He found that along the line of fracture seventeen characters had be… — In Ghostly Japan · tree and pragmatics
description: He found that along the line of fracture seventeen characters had been written within the clay before the tile had been baked; and the characters read thus: ‘_In the Year of the Hare, in the fourth month, on the seventeenth day, at the Hour of the Serpent, this tile, after serving as a pillow, will 
---

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# In Ghostly Japan, Names of Incense Used., part 1, sentence 108

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He found that along the line of fracture seventeen characters had been written within the clay before the tile had been baked; and the characters read thus: ‘\_In the Year of the Hare, in the fourth month, on the seventeenth day, at the Hour of the Serpent, this tile, after serving as a pillow, will be thrown at a rat and broken.

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**Who acts:** Shōko, characters · **What happens:** find, write, bake, read, serve, throw · **To what, where:** seventeen characters, tile, rat · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Shōko, characters), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8128:3:110
# text = He found that along the line of fracture seventeen characters had been written within the clay before the tile had been baked; and the characters read thus: ‘_In the Year of the Hare, in the fourth month, on the seventeenth day, at the Hour of the Serpent, this tile, after serving as a pillow, will be thrown at a rat and broken.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	found	find	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	that	that	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	along	along	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	line	line	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	fracture	fracture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
9	seventeen	seventeen	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	10	nummod	_	_
10	characters	character	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nsubj:pass	_	_
11	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	_
12	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	13	aux:pass	_	_
13	written	write	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	ccomp	_	_
14	within	within	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	clay	clay	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
17	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	22	mark	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	tile	tile	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nsubj:pass	_	_
20	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	22	aux	_	_
21	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	22	aux:pass	_	_
22	baked	bake	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	characters	character	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	27	nsubj	_	_
27	read	read	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
28	thus	thus	ADV	RB	_	27	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	34	punct	_	_
30	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	34	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	34	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	In	in	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
33	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
34	Year	Year	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	parataxis	_	_
35	of	of	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
36	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	37	det	_	_
37	Hare	Hare	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	34	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	42	punct	_	_
39	in	in	ADP	IN	_	42	case	_	_
40	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	42	det	_	_
41	fourth	fourth	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	42	amod	_	_
42	month	month	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
43	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	47	punct	_	_
44	on	on	ADP	IN	_	47	case	_	_
45	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	47	det	_	_
46	seventeenth	seventeenth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	47	compound	_	_
47	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
48	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	51	punct	_	_
49	at	at	ADP	IN	_	51	case	_	_
50	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	51	det	_	_
51	Hour	hour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	appos	_	_
52	of	of	ADP	IN	_	54	case	_	_
53	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	54	det	_	_
54	Serpent	Serpent	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	51	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
55	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	57	punct	_	_
56	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	57	det	_	_
57	tile	tile	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
58	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	60	punct	_	_
59	after	after	SCONJ	IN	_	60	mark	_	_
60	serving	serve	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
61	as	as	ADP	IN	_	63	case	_	_
62	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	63	det	_	_
63	pillow	pillow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	60	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
64	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	67	punct	_	_
65	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	67	aux	_	_
66	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	67	aux:pass	_	_
67	thrown	throw	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	parataxis	_	_
68	at	at	ADP	IN	_	70	case	_	_
69	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	70	det	_	_
70	rat	rat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	67	obl	_	_
71	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	72	cc	_	_
72	broken	break	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	67	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
73	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **find** | past | Shōko |  |  |  | the Year of the Hare in the fourth month | along the line of fracture; that *property* | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **write** | past · perfect · passive |  | seventeen characters |  |  |  | within the clay | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 3 | **bake** | past · perfect · passive |  | the tile |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Product |
| 4 | **read** | present | the characters |  |  |  |  | thus *property* | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **serve** | gerund | Shōko *not said here* |  |  |  |  | as a pillow | vn masquerade-29.6-2 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Agent as pillow=Attribute |
| 6 | **throw** | future · passive |  |  |  | a rat |  |  | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: at rat=Destination |
| 7 | **break** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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