---
title: ‘He used to live,’ the tilemaker answered, ‘not very far from here;… — In Ghostly Japan · tree and pragmatics
description: ‘He used to live,’ the tilemaker answered, ‘not very far from here; and I can show you the way to the house. Who acts: Shōko, tilemaker, I. A sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 1, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# In Ghostly Japan, Names of Incense Used., part 1, sentence 115

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‘He used to live,’ the tilemaker answered, ‘not very far from here; and I can show you the way to the house.

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**Who acts:** Shōko, tilemaker, I · **What happens:** use, live, ', answer, show · **To what, where:** way, you

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This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Shōko, tilemaker, I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8128:3:117
# text = ‘He used to live,’ the tilemaker answered, ‘not very far from here; and I can show you the way to the house.
1	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	used	use	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	live	live	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	’	'	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	conj	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	tilemaker	tilemaker	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
10	answered	answer	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
12	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	15	advmod	_	_
14	very	very	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
15	far	far	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	10	ccomp	_	_
16	from	from	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	here	here	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	22	punct	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
20	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	22	nsubj	_	_
21	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	22	aux	_	_
22	show	show	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
23	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	22	iobj	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obj	_	_
26	to	to	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	house	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | past | Shōko |  |  |  |  |  | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **live** | to-infinitive | Shōko *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **'** | infinitive | Shōko *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **answer** *speech: assert* | past | the tilemaker |  |  |  |  |  | vn reciprocate-112-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **show** | can | I | the way | you |  |  | to the house | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent you=Recipient way=Topic |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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