---
title: But there is some incense,—never sold,—which is much more precious t… — In Ghostly Japan · tree and pragmatics
description: But there is some incense,—never sold,—which is much more precious than _ranjatai_,—incense valued less for its composition than for its history: I mean the incense brought centuries ago from China or from India by the Buddhist missionaries, and presented to princes or to other persons of high rank.
---

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# In Ghostly Japan, Names of Incense Used., part 1, sentence 27

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But there is some incense,—never sold,—which is much more precious than \_ranjatai\_,—incense valued less for its composition than for its history: I mean the incense brought centuries ago from China or from India by the Buddhist missionaries, and presented to princes or to other persons of high rank.

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**Who acts:** incense, I · **What happens:** be, not sell, value, mean, bring, present · **To what, where:** China, princes · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (incense, I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8128:3:29
# text = But there is some incense,—never sold,—which is much more precious than _ranjatai_,—incense valued less for its composition than for its history: I mean the incense brought centuries ago from China or from India by the Buddhist missionaries, and presented to princes or to other persons of high rank.
1	But	but	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	3	expl	_	_
3	is	be	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	advcl	_	_
4	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	5	det	_	_
5	incense	incense	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	9	advmod	_	_
9	sold	sell	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	16	nsubj	_	_
13	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	cop	_	_
14	much	much	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
15	more	more	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	16	advmod	_	_
16	precious	precious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	conj	_	_
17	than	than	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	ranjatai	ranjatai	X	FW	Foreign=Yes	16	dep	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	24	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	incense	incense	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	nsubj	_	_
24	valued	value	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	conj	_	_
25	less	less	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	24	advmod	_	_
26	for	for	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
27	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	28	nmod:poss	_	_
28	composition	composition	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obl	_	_
29	than	than	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
30	for	for	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
31	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	32	nmod:poss	_	_
32	history	history	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	35	punct	_	_
34	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	35	nsubj	_	_
35	mean	mean	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	parataxis	_	_
36	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	37	det	_	_
37	incense	incense	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	38	nsubj	_	_
38	brought	bring	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	35	ccomp	_	_
39	centuries	century	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	38	obj	_	_
40	ago	ago	ADV	RB	_	38	advmod	_	_
41	from	from	ADP	IN	_	42	case	_	_
42	China	China	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	38	obl	_	_
43	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	45	cc	_	_
44	from	from	ADP	IN	_	45	case	_	_
45	India	India	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	42	conj	_	_
46	by	by	ADP	IN	_	49	case	_	_
47	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	49	det	_	_
48	Buddhist	buddhist	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	49	amod	_	_
49	missionaries	missionary	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	38	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
50	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	52	punct	_	_
51	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	52	cc	_	_
52	presented	present	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	35	conj	_	_
53	to	to	ADP	IN	_	54	case	_	_
54	princes	prince	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	52	obl	_	_
55	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	58	cc	_	_
56	to	to	ADP	IN	_	58	case	_	_
57	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	58	amod	_	_
58	persons	person	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	54	conj	_	_
59	of	of	ADP	IN	_	61	case	_	_
60	high	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	61	amod	_	_
61	rank	rank	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	58	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
62	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | present | some incense |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **not** **sell** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | which *nsubj*; precious *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **value** | past | incense |  |  |  |  | for Incense's composition than Incense's history; less *property* | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer for composition=Attribute |
| 5 | **mean** | present | I |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 6 | **bring** | past | the incense |  |  | China or India | century | by the Buddhist missionaries; ago *property* | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location»: agent=Agent from china=Initial\_Location |
| 7 | **present** | participle | I *not said here* |  | princes or other persons of high rank |  |  |  | vn fulfilling-13.4.1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to prince=Recipient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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