---
title: In this economical era, the _Kō-kwai_ takes of necessity a much humb… — In Ghostly Japan · tree and pragmatics
description: In this economical era, the _Kō-kwai_ takes of necessity a much humbler form than it assumed in the time of the great daimyō, of the princely abbots, and of the military aristocracy. Who acts: Kō kwai, kwai. A sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 1, with its
---

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# In Ghostly Japan, Names of Incense Used., part 1, sentence 36

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In this economical era, the \_Kō-kwai\_ takes of necessity a much humbler form than it assumed in the time of the great daimyō, of the princely abbots, and of the military aristocracy.

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**Who acts:** Kō kwai, kwai · **What happens:** take, assume · **To what, where:** much humbler form, economical era

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This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Kō kwai, kwai), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8128:3:38
# text = In this economical era, the _Kō-kwai_ takes of necessity a much humbler form than it assumed in the time of the great daimyō, of the princely abbots, and of the military aristocracy.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	4	det	_	_
3	economical	economical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	era	era	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
7	_	_	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	Kō	Kō	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	kwai	kwai	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	10	punct	_	_
12	takes	take	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	necessity	necessity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
16	much	much	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
17	humbler	humbler	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	compound	_	_
18	form	form	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
19	than	than	SCONJ	IN	_	21	mark	_	_
20	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	nsubj	_	_
21	assumed	assume	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	acl:relcl	_	_
22	in	in	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obl	_	_
25	of	of	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
27	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	28	amod	_	_
28	daimyō	daimyō	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	33	punct	_	_
30	of	of	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
31	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
32	princely	princely	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	33	amod	_	_
33	abbots	abbot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	39	punct	_	_
35	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	39	cc	_	_
36	of	of	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
37	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	39	det	_	_
38	military	military	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	39	amod	_	_
39	aristocracy	aristocracy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
40	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | present | the Kō kwai | a much humbler form |  | this economical era |  | of necessity; of the military aristocracy | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location»: agent=Agent form=Theme of necessity=Initial\_Location |
| 2 | **assume** | past | kwai | a much humbler form *not said here* |  |  | time | of the princely abbots | vn adopt-93.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent form=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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