---
title: To summon the ghost of any dead person—or even that of a living pers… — In Ghostly Japan · tree and pragmatics
description: To summon the ghost of any dead person—or even that of a living person, according to some authorities,—it was only necessary to kindle some of the incense, and to pronounce certain words, while keeping the mind fixed upon the memory of that person. Who acts: mind. A sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by
---

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# In Ghostly Japan, Names of Incense Used., part 1, sentence 51

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To summon the ghost of any dead person—or even that of a living person, according to some authorities,—it was only necessary to kindle some of the incense, and to pronounce certain words, while keeping the mind fixed upon the memory of that person.

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**Who acts:** mind · **What happens:** summon, accord, be, kindle, pronounce, keep · **To what, where:** ghost, some, certain words, mind, dead person

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This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (mind), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8128:3:53
# text = To summon the ghost of any dead person—or even that of a living person, according to some authorities,—it was only necessary to kindle some of the incense, and to pronounce certain words, while keeping the mind fixed upon the memory of that person.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	summon	summon	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	ghost	ghost	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	8	det	_	_
7	dead	dead	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
11	even	even	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
12	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	16	nsubj	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	living	living	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
18	according	accord	VERB	VBG	ExtPos=ADP|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	21	case	_	_
19	to	to	ADP	IN	_	18	fixed	_	_
20	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	21	det	_	_
21	authorities	authority	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	27	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	27	expl	_	_
25	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	27	cop	_	_
26	only	only	ADV	RB	_	27	advmod	_	_
27	necessary	necessary	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	conj	_	_
28	to	to	PART	TO	_	29	mark	_	_
29	kindle	kindle	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	27	csubj	_	_
30	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	29	obj	_	_
31	of	of	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
32	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
33	incense	incense	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	37	punct	_	_
35	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	37	cc	_	_
36	to	to	PART	TO	_	37	mark	_	_
37	pronounce	pronounce	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
38	certain	certain	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	39	amod	_	_
39	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	37	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
40	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	42	punct	_	_
41	while	while	SCONJ	IN	_	42	mark	_	_
42	keeping	keep	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	37	advcl	_	_
43	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	44	det	_	_
44	mind	mind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	42	obj	_	_
45	fixed	fix	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	42	xcomp	_	_
46	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	48	case	_	_
47	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	48	det	_	_
48	memory	memory	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	45	obl	_	_
49	of	of	ADP	IN	_	51	case	_	_
50	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	51	det	_	_
51	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	48	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
52	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **summon** | to-infinitive |  | the ghost of any dead person |  |  |  | of a living person  that and some authorities | vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ghost=Recipient |
| 2 | **accord** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is** | past |  |  |  |  |  | necessary *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **kindle** | to-infinitive |  | some of the incense |  |  |  |  | vn engender-27.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition some=Patient |
| 5 | **pronounce** | to-infinitive |  | certain words |  |  |  |  | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent word=Theme |
| 6 | **keep** | gerund |  | the mind |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 7 | **fix** | participle | the mind *not said here* |  |  |  |  | upon the memory of that person | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient |
| 8 | **ghost** |  |  | any dead person |  |  |  |  | nom ghost «cognition transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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