---
title: Only last year, in Tōkyō, at an exhibition of new kakemono, I saw a… — In Ghostly Japan · tree and pragmatics
description: Only last year, in Tōkyō, at an exhibition of new kakemono, I saw a picture of a young wife kneeling before an alcove wherein the smoke of the magical incense was shaping the shadow of the absent husband. Who acts: Tōkyō, picture, smoke, magical incense. A sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio 
---

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# In Ghostly Japan, Names of Incense Used., part 1, sentence 66

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Only last year, in Tōkyō, at an exhibition of new kakemono, I saw a picture of a young wife kneeling before an alcove wherein the smoke of the magical incense was shaping the shadow of the absent husband.

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**Who acts:** Tōkyō, picture, smoke, magical incense · **What happens:** see, kneel, shape, exhibit, smoke, shadow · **To what, where:** picture, alcove, shadow, new kakemono, absent husband

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This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Tōkyō, picture, smoke, magical incense), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8128:3:68
# text = Only last year, in Tōkyō, at an exhibition of new kakemono, I saw a picture of a young wife kneeling before an alcove wherein the smoke of the magical incense was shaping the shadow of the absent husband.
1	Only	only	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
2	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Tōkyō	Tōkyō	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	at	at	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	exhibition	exhibition	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	appos	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	kakemono	kakemono	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
15	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
16	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	picture	picture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
20	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
21	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	wife	wife	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nmod	_	_
23	kneeling	kneel	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	18	acl	_	_
24	before	before	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	alcove	alcove	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obl	_	_
27	wherein	wherein	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	35	advmod	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
29	smoke	smoke	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	nsubj	_	_
30	of	of	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
31	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
32	magical	magical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	33	amod	_	_
33	incense	incense	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	nmod	_	_
34	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	35	aux	_	_
35	shaping	shape	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	23	advcl	_	_
36	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	37	det	_	_
37	shadow	shadow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	obj	_	_
38	of	of	ADP	IN	_	41	case	_	_
39	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	41	det	_	_
40	absent	absent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	41	amod	_	_
41	husband	husband	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	37	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
42	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | past | Tōkyō | a picture of a young wife |  |  | year | I *nsubj* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer picture=Stimulus |
| 2 | **kneel** | gerund | a picture of a young wife *not said here* |  |  | a alcove |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent before alcove=Location |
| 3 | **shape** | past · progressive | the smoke of the magical incense | the shadow of the absent husband |  |  |  | wherein *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset shadow=Product |
| 4 | **exhibit** |  |  | new kakemono |  |  |  |  | nom exhibition «act transitive»: of=patient |
| 5 | **smoke** |  | the magical incense |  |  |  |  |  | nom smoke «phenomenon intransitive»: of=agent |
| 6 | **shadow** |  |  | the absent husband |  |  |  |  | nom shadow «state transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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