---
title: He was already an old man when I first saw him in Izumo,—certainly m… — In Ghostly Japan · tree and pragmatics
description: He was already an old man when I first saw him in Izumo,—certainly more than sixty years of age, but looking very much younger. Who acts: Tōkyō, I. A sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 1, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# In Ghostly Japan, Names of Incense Used., part 1, sentence 87

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He was already an old man when I first saw him in Izumo,—certainly more than sixty years of age, but looking very much younger.

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**Who acts:** Tōkyō, I · **What happens:** be, see, look · **To what, where:** old man, Tōkyō, Izumo

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This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Tōkyō, I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8128:3:89
# text = He was already an old man when I first saw him in Izumo,—certainly more than sixty years of age, but looking very much younger.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
3	already	already	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	10	advmod	_	_
8	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
9	first	first	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	10	advmod	_	_
10	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
11	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	obj	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	Izumo	Izumo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	certainly	certainly	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	_
17	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp|ExtPos=ADV	19	advmod	_	_
18	than	than	ADP	IN	_	17	fixed	_	_
19	sixty	sixty	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	20	nummod	_	_
20	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl:unmarked	_	_
21	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	age	age	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
24	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
25	looking	look	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	28	nsubj	_	_
26	very	very	ADV	RB	_	27	advmod	_	_
27	much	much	ADV	RB	_	28	advmod	_	_
28	younger	young	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | Tōkyō | a old man |  |  | year |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **see** | past | I | Tōkyō |  | Izumo |  | first *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer he=Stimulus |
| 3 | **look** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |
| 4 | **be** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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