---
title: But partly because the habit of wandering had become with him a seco… — In Ghostly Japan · tree and pragmatics
description: But partly because the habit of wandering had become with him a second nature, and partly because of a love of independence as savage as a gipsy’s, I was never able to keep him with me for more than two days at a time. Who acts: habit, I. A sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of 
---

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# In Ghostly Japan, Names of Incense Used., part 1, sentence 90

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But partly because the habit of wandering had become with him a second nature, and partly because of a love of independence as savage as a gipsy’s, I was never able to keep him with me for more than two days at a time.

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**Who acts:** habit, I · **What happens:** wonder, become, not be, keep, love · **To what, where:** second nature, Tōkyō, independence

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This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (habit, I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8128:3:92
# text = But partly because the habit of wandering had become with him a second nature, and partly because of a love of independence as savage as a gipsy’s, I was never able to keep him with me for more than two days at a time.
1	But	but	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
2	partly	partly	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
3	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	habit	habit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
6	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
7	wandering	wonder	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	acl	_	_
8	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
9	become	become	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
10	with	with	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	obl	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	second	second	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	14	amod	_	_
14	nature	nature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
17	partly	partly	ADV	RB	_	21	advmod	_	_
18	because	because	ADP	IN	ExtPos=ADP	21	case	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	fixed	_	_
20	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	love	love	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	appos	_	_
22	of	of	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	independence	independence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nmod	_	_
24	as	as	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	savage	savage	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	nmod	_	_
26	as	as	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
27	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	gipsy	gipsy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	’s	's	PART	POS	_	28	case	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	34	punct	_	_
31	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	34	nsubj	_	_
32	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	34	cop	_	_
33	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	34	advmod	_	_
34	able	able	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	conj	_	_
35	to	to	PART	TO	_	36	mark	_	_
36	keep	keep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	34	xcomp	_	_
37	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	36	obj	_	_
38	with	with	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
39	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	36	obl	_	_
40	for	for	ADP	IN	_	44	case	_	_
41	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp|ExtPos=ADV	43	advmod	_	_
42	than	than	ADP	IN	_	41	fixed	_	_
43	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	44	nummod	_	_
44	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	36	obl	_	_
45	at	at	ADP	IN	_	47	case	_	_
46	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	47	det	_	_
47	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
48	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wonder** *speech: ask* | gerund | the habit *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn care-88.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **become** | past · perfect | the habit | a second nature |  |  |  | with Tōkyō; partly *property* | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **not** **is** | past | I |  |  |  |  | able *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **keep** | to-infinitive | I *not said here* | Tōkyō |  |  | day; time | with me | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme |
| 5 | **love** |  |  | independence |  |  |  |  | nom love «feeling transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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