---
title: There is now in the human world, among the disciples of Shaka, a mos… — In Ghostly Japan · tree and pragmatics
description: There is now in the human world, among the disciples of Shaka, a most excellent youth called Nanda, who is soon to be reborn into this heaven, and to become our bridegroom, because of his holy life. A sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 2, with its dependen
---

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# In Ghostly Japan, Names of Incense Used., part 2, sentence 104

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There is now in the human world, among the disciples of Shaka, a most excellent youth called Nanda, who is soon to be reborn into this heaven, and to become our bridegroom, because of his holy life.

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**What happens:** be, call, become · **To what, where:** human world, excellent youth, Nanda, heaven, bridegroom · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8128:4:104
# text = There is now in the human world, among the disciples of Shaka, a most excellent youth called Nanda, who is soon to be reborn into this heaven, and to become our bridegroom, because of his holy life.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	is	be	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	2	advmod	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	human	human	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	world	world	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	among	among	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	disciples	disciple	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	appos	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	Shaka	Shaka	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
16	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	17	advmod	_	_
17	excellent	excellent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	youth	youth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	appos	_	_
19	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	18	acl	_	_
20	Nanda	Nanda	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
22	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	27	nsubj	_	_
23	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	27	cop	_	_
24	soon	soon	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	27	advmod	_	_
25	to	to	PART	TO	_	27	mark	_	_
26	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	27	aux:pass	_	_
27	reborn	reborn	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	20	acl:relcl	_	_
28	into	into	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	30	det	_	_
30	heaven	heaven	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	34	punct	_	_
32	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	34	cc	_	_
33	to	to	PART	TO	_	34	mark	_	_
34	become	become	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
35	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	36	nmod:poss	_	_
36	bridegroom	bridegroom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	42	punct	_	_
38	because	because	ADP	IN	ExtPos=ADP	42	case	_	_
39	of	of	ADP	IN	_	38	fixed	_	_
40	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	42	nmod:poss	_	_
41	holy	holy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	42	amod	_	_
42	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
43	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | present |  |  |  | the human world; there | now |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in world=Location |
| 2 | **call** | participle |  | a excellent youth *not said here* |  |  |  | Nanda *xcomp* | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is** | present · passive |  | Nanda |  | this heaven |  | reborn, soon *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **become** | to-infinitive |  | our bridegroom and Nanda's holy life |  |  |  |  | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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