---
title: ‘Nay, Master!’ answered Nanda; ‘even as that woman surpassed in beau… — In Ghostly Japan · tree and pragmatics
description: ‘Nay, Master!’ answered Nanda; ‘even as that woman surpassed in beauty the female ape that we saw on the mountain, so is she herself surpassed by even the least among these.’ Who acts: Master, we. A sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 2, with its dependency
---

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# In Ghostly Japan, Names of Incense Used., part 2, sentence 108

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‘Nay, Master!’ answered Nanda; ‘even as that woman surpassed in beauty the female ape that we saw on the mountain, so is she herself surpassed by even the least among these.’

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**Who acts:** Master, we · **What happens:** answer, surpass, see · **To what, where:** Nanda, woman, female ape, mountain, beauty

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This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Master, we), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8128:4:108
# text = ‘Nay, Master!’ answered Nanda; ‘even as that woman surpassed in beauty the female ape that we saw on the mountain, so is she herself surpassed by even the least among these.’
1	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Nay	nay	INTJ	UH	_	7	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	Master	Master	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	’	'	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
7	answered	answer	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	Nanda	Nanda	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	_
10	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	even	even	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
12	as	as	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	14	det	_	_
14	woman	woman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	parataxis	_	_
15	surpassed	surpass	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	14	acl	_	_
16	in	in	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	beauty	beauty	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
19	female	female	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	ape	ape	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	appos	_	_
21	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	23	obj	_	_
22	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	23	nsubj	_	_
23	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	20	acl:relcl	_	_
24	on	on	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	mountain	mountain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
28	so	so	ADV	RB	_	32	advmod	_	_
29	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	32	aux:pass	_	_
30	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	32	nsubj:pass	_	_
31	herself	herself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	30	conj	_	_
32	surpassed	surpass	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	14	conj	_	_
33	by	by	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
34	even	even	ADV	RB	_	36	advmod	_	_
35	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	36	det	_	_
36	least	least	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	32	obl	_	_
37	among	among	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
38	these	this	PRON	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	36	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
40	’	'	PUNCT	''	_	14	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **answer** *speech: assert* | past | Master |  | Nanda |  |  | that woman *parataxis* | vn reciprocate-112-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent nanda=Eventuality |
| 2 | **surpass** | participle |  | that woman *not said here* |  |  |  | in beauty | vn exceed-90 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot in beauty=Attribute |
| 3 | **see** | past | we | the female ape |  | the mountain |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer that=Stimulus |
| 4 | **surpass** | present · passive |  | beauty |  |  |  | by the least among these | vn exceed-90 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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