---
title: “Then the Buddha immediately descended with Nanda to the depths of t… — In Ghostly Japan · tree and pragmatics
description: “Then the Buddha immediately descended with Nanda to the depths of the hells, and took him into a torture-chamber where myriads of men and women were being boiled alive in great caldrons, and otherwise horribly tormented by devils. Who acts: Buddha. A sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn
---

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# In Ghostly Japan, Names of Incense Used., part 2, sentence 110

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“Then the Buddha immediately descended with Nanda to the depths of the hells, and took him into a torture-chamber where myriads of men and women were being boiled alive in great caldrons, and otherwise horribly tormented by devils.

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**Who acts:** Buddha · **What happens:** descend, take, boil, torment · **To what, where:** depths, Buddha, torture chamber, myriads

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This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Buddha), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8128:4:110
# text = “Then the Buddha immediately descended with Nanda to the depths of the hells, and took him into a torture-chamber where myriads of men and women were being boiled alive in great caldrons, and otherwise horribly tormented by devils.
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	6	advmod	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	Buddha	Buddha	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
5	immediately	immediately	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	descended	descend	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Nanda	Nanda	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	depths	depth	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	hells	hell	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	parataxis	_	_
18	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	obj	_	_
19	into	into	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
20	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
21	torture	torture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	chamber	chamber	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	_
24	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	32	advmod	_	_
25	myriads	myriad	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	32	nsubj:pass	_	_
26	of	of	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
27	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	25	nmod	_	_
28	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	_
29	women	woman	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	27	conj	_	_
30	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	32	aux:pass	_	_
31	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	32	aux:pass	_	_
32	boiled	boil	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	23	acl:relcl	_	_
33	alive	alive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	32	xcomp	_	_
34	in	in	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
35	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	36	amod	_	_
36	caldrons	caldron	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	33	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	41	punct	_	_
38	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	41	cc	_	_
39	otherwise	otherwise	ADV	RB	_	41	advmod	_	_
40	horribly	horribly	ADV	RB	_	41	advmod	_	_
41	tormented	torment	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	17	conj	_	_
42	by	by	ADP	IN	_	43	case	_	_
43	devils	devil	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	41	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
44	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **descend** *in a quote* | past | the Buddha |  |  | the depths of the hells | then | with Nanda; immediately *property* | vn meander-47.7-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme to depth=Location |
| 2 | **take** *in a quote* | past |  | Buddha |  | a torture chamber |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent he=Theme into chamber=Destination |
| 3 | **boil** *in a quote* | past · passive |  | myriads of men and women |  |  |  | alive *property* | vn cooking-45.3 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient |
| 4 | **torment** *in a quote* | participle |  |  |  |  |  | by devils; horribly, otherwise *property* | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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