---
title: Many days later he was found standing erect at the foot of a pine, w… — In Ghostly Japan · tree and pragmatics
description: Many days later he was found standing erect at the foot of a pine, with his little pack strapped to his shoulders: a statue of ice—arms folded and eyes closed as in meditation. Who acts: acquaintance. A sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 2, with its depend
---

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# In Ghostly Japan, Names of Incense Used., part 2, sentence 15

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Many days later he was found standing erect at the foot of a pine, with his little pack strapped to his shoulders: a statue of ice—arms folded and eyes closed as in meditation.

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**Who acts:** acquaintance · **What happens:** find, stand, strap, fold, close · **To what, where:** acquaintance, foot, little pack, arms

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This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (acquaintance), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8128:4:15
# text = Many days later he was found standing erect at the foot of a pine, with his little pack strapped to his shoulders: a statue of ice—arms folded and eyes closed as in meditation.
1	Many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl:unmarked	_	_
3	later	late	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	6	advmod	_	_
4	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
5	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	found	find	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	standing	stand	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	xcomp	_	_
8	erect	erect	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	xcomp	_	_
9	at	at	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	foot	foot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	pine	pine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
16	with	with	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
17	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	19	nmod:poss	_	_
18	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	pack	pack	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	parataxis	_	_
20	strapped	strap	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	19	acl	_	_
21	to	to	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	23	nmod:poss	_	_
23	shoulders	shoulder	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	26	punct	_	_
25	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	statue	statue	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	parataxis	_	_
27	of	of	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
28	ice	ice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	30	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	arms	arm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	conj	_	_
31	folded	fold	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	30	acl	_	_
32	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	33	cc	_	_
33	eyes	eye	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	30	conj	_	_
34	closed	close	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	30	acl	_	_
35	as	as	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
36	in	in	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
37	meditation	meditation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **find** | past · passive |  | acquaintance |  |  |  | acquaintance's little pack *parataxis*; a statue of ice and arms and eyes *parataxis*; late *property* | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Attribute clause=Theme |
| 2 | **stand** | gerund | acquaintance *not said here* |  |  | the foot of a pine |  | erect *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent at foot=Location |
| 3 | **strap** | participle |  | acquaintance's little pack *not said here* |  |  |  | to acquaintance's shoulders | vn tape-22.4 «NP V ADV-Middle PP»: agent=Patient to shoulder=Co-Patient |
| 4 | **fold** | participle |  | arms and eyes *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 5 | **close** | participle |  | arms and eyes *not said here* |  |  |  | as meditation | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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