---
title: A serving-student courteously invited him to enter, and ushered him… — In Ghostly Japan · tree and pragmatics
description: A serving-student courteously invited him to enter, and ushered him into an apartment where several young men were at study. Who acts: serving student, Shōko, several young men. A sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 2, with its dependency tree and the pragm
---

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# In Ghostly Japan, Names of Incense Used., part 2, sentence 2

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A serving-student courteously invited him to enter, and ushered him into an apartment where several young men were at study.

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**Who acts:** serving student, Shōko, several young men · **What happens:** invite, enter, usher, be · **To what, where:** Shōko, apartment, study

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This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (serving student, Shōko, several young men), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8128:4:2
# text = A serving-student courteously invited him to enter, and ushered him into an apartment where several young men were at study.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	serving	serving	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	student	student	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
5	courteously	courteously	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	invited	invite	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	enter	enter	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	ushered	usher	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
13	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	obj	_	_
14	into	into	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	apartment	apartment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
17	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	23	advmod	_	_
18	several	several	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
19	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	nsubj	_	_
21	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	23	cop	_	_
22	at	at	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	study	study	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **invite** | past | a serving student | Shōko |  |  |  | courteously *property* | vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent he=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 2 | **enter** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | Shōko *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **usher** | past | a serving student *not said here* |  | Shōko | a apartment |  |  | vn captain-29.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Beneficiary |
| 4 | **is** | past | several young men |  |  | study |  |  | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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