---
title: Western faiths especially teach that our life on earth is a larval s… — In Ghostly Japan · tree and pragmatics
description: Western faiths especially teach that our life on earth is a larval state of greedy helplessness, and that death is a pupa-sleep out of which we should soar into everlasting light. Who acts: Western faiths, life, death, we. A sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., p
---

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# In Ghostly Japan, Names of Incense Used., part 2, sentence 51

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Western faiths especially teach that our life on earth is a larval state of greedy helplessness, and that death is a pupa-sleep out of which we should soar into everlasting light.

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**Who acts:** Western faiths, life, death, we · **What happens:** teach, be, soar · **To what, where:** larval state, pupa sleep · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Western faiths, life, death, we), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8128:4:51
# text = Western faiths especially teach that our life on earth is a larval state of greedy helplessness, and that death is a pupa-sleep out of which we should soar into everlasting light.
1	Western	western	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	faiths	faith	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	teach	teach	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
6	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
8	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	earth	earth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
10	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	larval	larval	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	state	state	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	ccomp	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	greedy	greedy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	helplessness	helplessness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
19	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	20	det	_	_
20	death	death	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	nsubj	_	_
21	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	25	cop	_	_
22	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
23	pupa	pupa	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	23	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	sleep	sleep	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
26	out	out	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
27	of	of	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
28	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	31	obl	_	_
29	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	31	nsubj	_	_
30	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	31	aux	_	_
31	soar	soar	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	25	parataxis	_	_
32	into	into	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
33	everlasting	everlasting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	compound	_	_
34	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **teach** *speech: other* | present | Western faiths |  |  |  |  | especially *property* | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** | present | our life on earth | a larval state |  |  |  | of greedy helplessness | tree rules |
| 3 | **is a** | present | that death | a pupa sleep |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **soar** | should | we |  |  | a pupa sleep |  | into everlasting light | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V PP.source PP.trajectory PP.destination»: agent=Theme out which=Source into light=Trajectory |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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