---
title: All life that feels and thinks has been, and can continue to be, onl… — In Ghostly Japan · tree and pragmatics
description: All life that feels and thinks has been, and can continue to be, only as the product of struggle and pain,—only as the outcome of endless battle with the Powers of the Universe. Who acts: life. A sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 2, with its dependency tr
---

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# In Ghostly Japan, Names of Incense Used., part 2, sentence 76

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All life that feels and thinks has been, and can continue to be, only as the product of struggle and pain,—only as the outcome of endless battle with the Powers of the Universe.

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**Who acts:** life · **What happens:** feel, think, have, continue, be

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This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (life), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8128:4:76
# text = All life that feels and thinks has been, and can continue to be, only as the product of struggle and pain,—only as the outcome of endless battle with the Powers of the Universe.
1	All	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	det	_	_
2	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	4	nsubj	_	_
4	feels	feel	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	acl:relcl	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	thinks	think	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
7	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	7	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
11	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
12	continue	continue	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	7	parataxis	_	_
13	to	to	PART	TO	_	14	mark	_	_
14	be	be	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
16	only	only	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	_
17	as	as	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	product	product	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	struggle	struggle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
23	pain	pain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	29	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	only	only	ADV	RB	_	29	advmod	_	_
27	as	as	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
29	outcome	outcome	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	conj	_	_
30	of	of	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
31	endless	endless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	32	amod	_	_
32	battle	battle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	nmod	_	_
33	with	with	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
34	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	35	det	_	_
35	Powers	power	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	32	nmod	_	_
36	of	of	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
37	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	38	det	_	_
38	Universe	Universe	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	35	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **feel** | present | all life |  |  |  |  |  | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |
| 2 | **think** *speech: other* | present | all life *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **have** | participle | all life |  |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **continue** | can |  |  |  |  |  | as the product of struggle and pain and the outcome of endless battle with the Powers of the Universe | vn continue-55.3 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 5 | **be** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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