---
title: Buddhism—which, in its own grand way, is a doctrine of evolution—rat… — In Ghostly Japan · tree and pragmatics
description: Buddhism—which, in its own grand way, is a doctrine of evolution—rationally proclaims its heaven but a higher stage of development through pain, and teaches that even in paradise the cessation of effort produces degradation. Who acts: Buddhism, paradise. A sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio 
---

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# In Ghostly Japan, Names of Incense Used., part 2, sentence 80

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Buddhism—which, in its own grand way, is a doctrine of evolution—rationally proclaims its heaven but a higher stage of development through pain, and teaches that even in paradise the cessation of effort produces degradation.

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**Who acts:** Buddhism, paradise · **What happens:** be, proclaim, teach, produce, cease · **To what, where:** doctrine, heaven, pain, degradation, effort · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Buddhism, paradise), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8128:4:80
# text = Buddhism—which, in its own grand way, is a doctrine of evolution—rationally proclaims its heaven but a higher stage of development through pain, and teaches that even in paradise the cessation of effort produces degradation.
1	Buddhism	Buddhism	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
6	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
7	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
8	grand	grand	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
11	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	doctrine	doctrine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	evolution	evolution	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	rationally	rationally	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
18	proclaims	proclaim	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	parataxis	_	_
19	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	20	nmod:poss	_	_
20	heaven	heaven	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	_
21	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
22	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
23	higher	high	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	24	amod	_	_
24	stage	stage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	conj	_	_
25	of	of	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	development	development	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	nmod	_	_
27	through	through	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
28	pain	pain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
30	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	31	cc	_	_
31	teaches	teach	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	conj	_	_
32	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	40	mark	_	_
33	even	even	ADV	RB	_	35	advmod	_	_
34	in	in	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
35	paradise	paradise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	40	nsubj	_	_
36	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	37	det	_	_
37	cessation	cessation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	appos	_	_
38	of	of	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
39	effort	effort	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	37	nmod	_	_
40	produces	produce	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	31	ccomp	_	_
41	degradation	degradation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	40	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
42	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Buddhism | a doctrine |  |  |  | of evolution | tree rules |
| 2 | **proclaim** | present |  | pain's heaven but a higher stage of development |  | pain |  | rationally *property* | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent heaven=Theme |
| 3 | **teach** *speech: other* | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 4 | **produce** | present | paradise | degradation |  |  |  |  | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent degradation=Result |
| 5 | **cease** |  |  | effort |  |  |  |  | nom cessation «event transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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