---
title: (There is little fault to be found with this teaching from a scienti… — In Ghostly Japan · tree and pragmatics
description: (There is little fault to be found with this teaching from a scientific standpoint,—since we know that higher evolution must involve an increase of sensitivity to pain.) Who acts: we, higher evolution. A sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 2, with its depen
---

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# In Ghostly Japan, Names of Incense Used., part 2, sentence 82

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(There is little fault to be found with this teaching from a scientific standpoint,—since we know that higher evolution must involve an increase of sensitivity to pain.)

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**Who acts:** we, higher evolution · **What happens:** be, find, know, involve · **To what, where:** little fault, increase · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (we, higher evolution), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8128:4:82
# text = (There is little fault to be found with this teaching from a scientific standpoint,—since we know that higher evolution must involve an increase of sensitivity to pain.)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	5	expl	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	fault	fault	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
7	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	found	find	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
9	with	with	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	11	det	_	_
11	teaching	teaching	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
12	from	from	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	scientific	scientific	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	standpoint	standpoint	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	since	since	SCONJ	IN	_	20	mark	_	_
19	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	20	nsubj	_	_
20	know	know	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
21	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	25	mark	_	_
22	higher	high	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	23	amod	_	_
23	evolution	evolution	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	nsubj	_	_
24	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	25	aux	_	_
25	involve	involve	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	20	ccomp	_	_
26	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	increase	increase	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obj	_	_
28	of	of	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
29	sensitivity	sensitivity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	nmod	_	_
30	to	to	PART	TO	_	31	mark	_	_
31	pain	pain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present |  | little fault |  | there |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **find** | to-infinitive · passive |  |  |  |  |  | with this teaching from a scientific standpoint | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S\_INF» |
| 3 | **know** | present | we |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 4 | **involve** | must | higher evolution | a increase of sensitivity  pain |  |  |  |  | vn involve-107.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent increase=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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