---
title: In the Heavens of Desire, says the _Shōbō-nen-jō-kyō_, the pain of d… — In Ghostly Japan · tree and pragmatics
description: In the Heavens of Desire, says the _Shōbō-nen-jō-kyō_, the pain of death is so great that all the agonies of all the hells united could equal but one-sixteenth part of such pain. Who acts: Shōbō nen, jō kyō, agonies. A sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 2,
---

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# In Ghostly Japan, Names of Incense Used., part 2, sentence 83

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In the Heavens of Desire, says the \_Shōbō-nen-jō-kyō\_, the pain of death is so great that all the agonies of all the hells united could equal but one-sixteenth part of such pain.

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**Who acts:** Shōbō nen, jō kyō, agonies · **What happens:** say, kyō, be, equal, pain · **To what, where:** Heavens, death · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Shōbō nen, jō kyō, agonies), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8128:4:83
# text = In the Heavens of Desire, says the _Shōbō-nen-jō-kyō_, the pain of death is so great that all the agonies of all the hells united could equal but one-sixteenth part of such pain.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	Heavens	Heaven	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Desire	Desire	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
7	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
9	_	_	PUNCT	``	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	Shōbō	Shōbō	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	nen	nen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	jō	jō	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	kyō	kyō	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	pain	pain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	conj	_	_
21	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	death	death	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nmod	_	_
23	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	25	cop	_	_
24	so	so	ADV	RB	_	25	advmod	_	_
25	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	ccomp	_	_
26	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	36	mark	_	_
27	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	29	det:predet	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
29	agonies	agony	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	36	nsubj	_	_
30	of	of	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
31	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	33	det:predet	_	_
32	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
33	hells	hell	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	29	nmod	_	_
34	united	United	ADJ	NNP	Degree=Pos	29	nmod	_	_
35	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	36	aux	_	_
36	equal	equal	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	25	advcl	_	_
37	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	41	cc	_	_
38	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	41	nummod	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	38	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
40	sixteenth	sixteenth	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	41	amod	_	_
41	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	conj	_	_
42	of	of	ADP	IN	_	44	case	_	_
43	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	44	amod	_	_
44	pain	pain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	41	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
45	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present |  |  |  | the Heavens |  | of Desire | vn pronounce-29.3.1 «NP V NP PP.manner»: agent=Agent in heaven=Manner |
| 2 | **kyō** |  | Shōbō nen |  |  |  |  | the pain of death *conj* | tree rules |
| 3 | **is** | present | the jō kyō and the pain of death |  |  |  |  | great *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **equal** | could | all agonies of all hells  united |  |  |  |  | one sixteenth part of such pain *conj* | tree rules |
| 5 | **pain** |  |  | death |  |  |  |  | nom pain «state transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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