---
title: Well, it was also Shijō who told us that _you_ were dead. — In Ghostly Japan · tree and pragmatics
description: Well, it was also Shijō who told us that _you_ were dead. Who acts: discourtesy, Shijō, you. A sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 3, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# In Ghostly Japan, Names of Incense Used., part 3, sentence 102

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Well, it was also Shijō who told us that \_you\_ were dead.

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**Who acts:** discourtesy, Shijō, you · **What happens:** be, tell · **To what, where:** Shijō, us · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (discourtesy, Shijō, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8128:5:103
# text = Well, it was also Shijō who told us that _you_ were dead.
1	Well	well	INTJ	UH	_	6	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	also	also	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	Shijō	Shijō	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
7	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
8	told	tell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	8	iobj	_	_
10	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	15	mark	_	_
11	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	12	punct	_	_
14	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	cop	_	_
15	dead	dead	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | discourtesy | Shijō |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **tell** *speech: assert* | past | Shijō |  | us |  |  | who *nsubj* | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent we=Recipient |
| 3 | **is** | past | you |  |  |  |  | dead *property* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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