---
title: Then there was a great deal of trouble,—chiefly caused by O-Kuni;—an… — In Ghostly Japan · tree and pragmatics
description: Then there was a great deal of trouble,—chiefly caused by O-Kuni;—and we went away from the villa, and found a very small house in Yanaka-no-Sasaki. Who acts: great deal, we. A sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 3, with its dependency tree and the pragmati
---

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# In Ghostly Japan, Names of Incense Used., part 3, sentence 108

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Then there was a great deal of trouble,—chiefly caused by O-Kuni;—and we went away from the villa, and found a very small house in Yanaka-no-Sasaki.

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**Who acts:** great deal, we · **What happens:** be, cause, go, find, deal · **To what, where:** small house, Yanaka, trouble

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This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (great deal, we), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8128:5:109
# text = Then there was a great deal of trouble,—chiefly caused by O-Kuni;—and we went away from the villa, and found a very small house in Yanaka-no-Sasaki.
1	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	3	advmod	_	_
2	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	3	expl	_	_
3	was	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	21	advcl	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	deal	deal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	trouble	trouble	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	chiefly	chiefly	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
12	caused	cause	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	appos	_	_
13	by	by	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
14	O	o	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	Kuni	Kuni	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
20	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	21	nsubj	_	_
21	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
22	away	away	ADV	RB	_	21	advmod	_	_
23	from	from	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	villa	villa	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
27	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
28	found	find	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	21	conj	_	_
29	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
30	very	very	ADV	RB	_	31	advmod	_	_
31	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	32	amod	_	_
32	house	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	obj	_	_
33	in	in	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
34	Yanaka	Yanaka	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	32	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	38	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	38	det	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	36	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	Sasaki	Sasaki	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	34	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	21	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | past | a great deal of trouble |  |  | there | then |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **cause** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | by O Kuni; chiefly *property* | vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition |
| 3 | **go** | past | we |  |  |  |  | away *property* | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **find** | past | we *not said here* | a small house |  | Yanaka and no Sasaki |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent house=Topic |
| 5 | **deal** |  |  | trouble |  |  |  |  | nom deal «act transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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