---
title: But etiquette forbade him to make the visit alone: he was obliged to… — In Ghostly Japan · tree and pragmatics
description: But etiquette forbade him to make the visit alone: he was obliged to wait for some other chance to accompany the doctor, who had promised to take him to the villa a second time. Who acts: etiquette, doctor. A sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 3, with its 
---

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# In Ghostly Japan, Names of Incense Used., part 3, sentence 23

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But etiquette forbade him to make the visit alone: he was obliged to wait for some other chance to accompany the doctor, who had promised to take him to the villa a second time.

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**Who acts:** etiquette, doctor · **What happens:** forbid, make, oblige, wait, accompany, promise · **To what, where:** Shinzaburō, visit, doctor

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This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (etiquette, doctor), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8128:5:24
# text = But etiquette forbade him to make the visit alone: he was obliged to wait for some other chance to accompany the doctor, who had promised to take him to the villa a second time.
1	But	but	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	etiquette	etiquette	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	forbade	forbid	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	visit	visit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	alone	alone	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
11	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
12	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux:pass	_	_
13	obliged	oblige	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	conj	_	_
14	to	to	PART	TO	_	15	mark	_	_
15	wait	wait	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	xcomp	_	_
16	for	for	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
17	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	19	det	_	_
18	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	chance	chance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
20	to	to	PART	TO	_	21	mark	_	_
21	accompany	accompany	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	15	advcl	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	doctor	doctor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
25	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	27	nsubj	_	_
26	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	27	aux	_	_
27	promised	promise	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	23	acl:relcl	_	_
28	to	to	PART	TO	_	29	mark	_	_
29	take	take	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	27	xcomp	_	_
30	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	29	obj	_	_
31	to	to	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
32	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
33	villa	villa	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	obl	_	_
34	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	36	det	_	_
35	second	second	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	36	amod	_	_
36	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **forbid** | past | etiquette | Shinzaburō |  |  |  |  | vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer he=Theme |
| 2 | **make** | to-infinitive | etiquette *not said here* | the visit |  |  |  | alone *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset visit=Product |
| 3 | **oblige** | past · passive |  | Shinzaburō |  |  |  |  | vn compel-59.1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: subject=Patient clause=Result |
| 4 | **wait** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | for some other chance | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **accompany** | to-infinitive |  | the doctor |  |  |  |  | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent doctor=Theme |
| 6 | **promise** *speech: promise* | past · perfect | the doctor |  |  |  |  |  | vn promise-37.13 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 7 | **take** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | the doctor *not said here* |  | Shinzaburō |  | time | to the villa | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP ADVP»: agent=Instrument he=Destination |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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