---
title: Therefore he purposely abstained from calling upon his young friend. — In Ghostly Japan · tree and pragmatics
description: Therefore he purposely abstained from calling upon his young friend. Who acts: Shijō. A sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 3, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# In Ghostly Japan, Names of Incense Used., part 3, sentence 28

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Therefore he purposely abstained from calling upon his young friend.

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**Who acts:** Shijō · **What happens:** abstain, call · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Shijō), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8128:5:29
# text = Therefore he purposely abstained from calling upon his young friend.
1	Therefore	therefore	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
3	purposely	purposely	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	abstained	abstain	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	from	from	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
6	calling	call	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	_
7	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
9	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **abstain** | past | Shijō |  |  |  |  | purposely, therefore *property* | vn refrain-69 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **call** | gerund | Shijō *not said here* |  |  |  |  | upon Shijō's young friend | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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