---
title: I am afraid that you must have said something to encourage this affe… — In Ghostly Japan · tree and pragmatics
description: I am afraid that you must have said something to encourage this affection—when you were in that little room together. Who acts: I, you. A sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 3, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# In Ghostly Japan, Names of Incense Used., part 3, sentence 44

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I am afraid that you must have said something to encourage this affection—when you were in that little room together.

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**Who acts:** I, you · **What happens:** be, say, encourage · **To what, where:** something, affection, little room · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8128:5:45
# text = I am afraid that you must have said something to encourage this affection—when you were in that little room together.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	am	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	afraid	afraid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
5	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
6	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
7	have	have	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	aux	_	_
8	said	say	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	3	ccomp	_	_
9	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	8	obj	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	encourage	encourage	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	acl	_	_
12	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	13	det	_	_
13	affection	affection	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	—	-	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	21	advmod	_	_
16	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	21	nsubj	_	_
17	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	21	cop	_	_
18	in	in	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
19	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	21	det	_	_
20	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	room	room	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
22	together	together	ADV	RB	_	21	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | I |  |  |  |  | afraid *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | must · perfect | you | something |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent something=Topic |
| 3 | **encourage** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* | this affection |  |  |  |  | vn accept-77.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent affection=Theme |
| 4 | **is** | past | you |  |  | that little room |  | together *property* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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