---
title: Clad only in a light summer-robe, he sat there thinking, dreaming, s… — In Ghostly Japan · tree and pragmatics
description: Clad only in a light summer-robe, he sat there thinking, dreaming, sorrowing;—sometimes fanning himself; sometimes making a little smoke to drive the mosquitoes away. Who acts: Shinzaburō. A sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 3, with its dependency tree an
---

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# In Ghostly Japan, Names of Incense Used., part 3, sentence 69

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Clad only in a light summer-robe, he sat there thinking, dreaming, sorrowing;—sometimes fanning himself; sometimes making a little smoke to drive the mosquitoes away.

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**Who acts:** Shinzaburō · **What happens:** clad, sit, think, dream, sorrow, fan · **To what, where:** light summer robe, Shinzaburō, little smoke, mosquitoes

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This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Shinzaburō), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8128:5:70
# text = Clad only in a light summer-robe, he sat there thinking, dreaming, sorrowing;—sometimes fanning himself; sometimes making a little smoke to drive the mosquitoes away.
1	Clad	clad	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	only	only	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
5	light	light	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
6	summer	summer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	robe	robe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	sat	sit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	1	parataxis	_	_
12	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	11	advmod	_	_
13	thinking	think	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	11	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	dreaming	dream	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
17	sorrowing	sorrow	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	sometimes	sometimes	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	21	advmod	_	_
21	fanning	fan	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	advcl	_	_
22	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	21	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
24	sometimes	sometimes	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	25	advmod	_	_
25	making	make	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	21	conj	_	_
26	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
27	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	28	amod	_	_
28	smoke	smoke	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obj	_	_
29	to	to	PART	TO	_	30	mark	_	_
30	drive	drive	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	25	advcl	_	_
31	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
32	mosquitoes	mosquito	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	30	obj	_	_
33	away	away	ADV	RB	_	30	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **clad** | past |  |  |  | a light summer robe |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **sit** | past | Shinzaburō |  |  | there |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **think** *speech: other* | gerund | Shinzaburō *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **dream** | gerund | Shinzaburō *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn cognize-85 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **sorrow** | gerund | Shinzaburō *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 6 | **fan** | gerund |  | Shinzaburō |  |  |  | sometimes *property* | tree rules |
| 7 | **make** | gerund |  | a little smoke |  |  |  | sometimes *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset smoke=Product |
| 8 | **drive away** | to-infinitive |  | the mosquitoes |  |  |  | away *property* | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mosquito=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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