---
title: He could hear only the soft rushing of a neighboring stream, and the… — In Ghostly Japan · tree and pragmatics
description: He could hear only the soft rushing of a neighboring stream, and the shrilling of night-insects. Who acts: Shinzaburō. A sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 3, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# In Ghostly Japan, Names of Incense Used., part 3, sentence 72

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He could hear only the soft rushing of a neighboring stream, and the shrilling of night-insects.

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**Who acts:** Shinzaburō · **What happens:** hear, rush, neighbor, shrill · **To what, where:** soft shrilling, night insects · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Shinzaburō), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8128:5:73
# text = He could hear only the soft rushing of a neighboring stream, and the shrilling of night-insects.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	hear	hear	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	only	only	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
6	soft	soft	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
7	rushing	rush	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	15	csubj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	neighboring	neighbor	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	11	amod	_	_
11	stream	stream	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	shrilling	shrilling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
17	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	insects	insect	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hear** | could | Shinzaburō | the soft shrilling of night insects |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer shrilling=Stimulus |
| 2 | **rush** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | of a neighboring stream | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme of stream=Trajectory |
| 3 | **neighbor** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **shrill** |  |  | night insects |  |  |  |  | nom shrilling «event transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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