---
title: “Never could I have believed it possible!… — In Ghostly Japan · tree and pragmatics
description: “Never could I have believed it possible!… Who acts: O. A sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 3, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# In Ghostly Japan, Names of Incense Used., part 3, sentence 88

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“Never could I have believed it possible!…

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**Who acts:** O · **What happens:** not believe · **To what, where:** tone

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This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (O), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8128:5:89
# text = “Never could I have believed it possible!…
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	6	advmod	_	_
3	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
4	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
5	have	have	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	aux	_	_
6	believed	believe	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	_
8	possible	possible	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	…	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **believe** *in a quote* | could · perfect | O and Yoné *= o* | tone |  |  |  | possible *property* | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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