---
title: Tomozō wondered as he listened,—because the language of the woman wa… — In Ghostly Japan · tree and pragmatics
description: Tomozō wondered as he listened,—because the language of the woman was not the language of a common woman, but the language of a lady of rank. Who acts: Tomozō, language. A sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 4, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of
---

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# In Ghostly Japan, Names of Incense Used., part 4, sentence 10

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Tomozō wondered as he listened,—because the language of the woman was not the language of a common woman, but the language of a lady of rank.

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**Who acts:** Tomozō, language · **What happens:** wonder, listen, not be · **To what, where:** language · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Tomozō, language), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8128:6:10
# text = Tomozō wondered as he listened,—because the language of the woman was not the language of a common woman, but the language of a lady of rank.
1	Tomozō	Tomozō	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	wondered	wonder	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
4	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	listened	listen	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	17	mark	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nsubj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	woman	woman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
14	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	cop	_	_
15	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	17	advmod	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	parataxis	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
20	common	common	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	woman	woman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
23	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	conj	_	_
26	of	of	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
27	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	lady	lady	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	nmod	_	_
29	of	of	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
30	rank	rank	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wonder** *speech: ask* | past | Tomozō |  |  |  |  |  | vn care-88.1-1 «NP V what S»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 2 | **listen** | past | Tomozō |  |  |  |  |  | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **not** **is a** | past | the language of the woman | the language but the language of a lady of rank |  |  |  | of a common woman | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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