---
title: Each Japanese hour was equal to two European hours, so that there we… — In Ghostly Japan · tree and pragmatics
description: Each Japanese hour was equal to two European hours, so that there were only six hours instead of our twelve; and these six hours were counted backwards in the order,—9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4. Who acts: Japanese hour, six hours. A sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part
---

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# In Ghostly Japan, Names of Incense Used., part 4, sentence 114

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Each Japanese hour was equal to two European hours, so that there were only six hours instead of our twelve; and these six hours were counted backwards in the order,—9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4.

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**Who acts:** Japanese hour, six hours · **What happens:** be, count · **To what, where:** six hours, order

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This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Japanese hour, six hours), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8128:6:115
# text = Each Japanese hour was equal to two European hours, so that there were only six hours instead of our twelve; and these six hours were counted backwards in the order,—9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4.
1	Each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	3	det	_	_
2	Japanese	Japanese	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	hour	hour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	equal	equal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	9	nummod	_	_
8	European	European	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	hours	hour	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
11	so	so	SCONJ	IN	ExtPos=SCONJ	14	mark	_	_
12	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	11	fixed	_	_
13	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	14	expl	_	_
14	were	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
15	only	only	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
16	six	six	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	17	nummod	_	_
17	hours	hour	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nsubj	_	_
18	instead	instead	ADV	RB	ExtPos=ADP	21	case	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	fixed	_	_
20	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	21	nmod:poss	_	_
21	twelve	twelve	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	17	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	28	punct	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
24	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	26	det	_	_
25	six	six	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	26	nummod	_	_
26	hours	hour	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	28	nsubj:pass	_	_
27	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	28	aux:pass	_	_
28	counted	count	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	conj	_	_
29	backwards	backwards	ADV	RB	_	28	advmod	_	_
30	in	in	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
31	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
32	order	order	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	35	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	35	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	9	9	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	28	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	37	punct	_	_
37	8	8	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	35	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	39	punct	_	_
39	7	7	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	37	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
40	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	41	punct	_	_
41	6	6	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	35	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
42	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	43	punct	_	_
43	5	5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	41	nmod:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
44	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	45	punct	_	_
45	4	4	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	41	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
46	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | each Japanese hour |  |  |  | hour | equal *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** | past | six hours instead our twelve |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **count** | past · passive |  | this six hours |  | the order |  | 9 *obl*; backwards *property* | vn multiply-108 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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