---
title: Hakuōdō Yusai, the _ninsomi_, was a very old man; but in his time he… — In Ghostly Japan · tree and pragmatics
description: Hakuōdō Yusai, the _ninsomi_, was a very old man; but in his time he had travelled much, and he had heard and seen so many things that he could not be easily surprised. Who acts: Hakuōdō, seen many things. A sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 4, with its d
---

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# In Ghostly Japan, Names of Incense Used., part 4, sentence 19

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Hakuōdō Yusai, the \_ninsomi\_, was a very old man; but in his time he had travelled much, and he had heard and seen so many things that he could not be easily surprised.

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**Who acts:** Hakuōdō, seen many things · **What happens:** be, travell, hear, see, not be · **To what, where:** old man, seen many things

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This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Hakuōdō, seen many things), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8128:6:19
# text = Hakuōdō Yusai, the _ninsomi_, was a very old man; but in his time he had travelled much, and he had heard and seen so many things that he could not be easily surprised.
1	Hakuōdō	Hakuōdō	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
2	Yusai	Yusai	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	ninsomi	ninsomi	X	FW	Foreign=Yes	1	dep	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
9	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
11	very	very	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
12	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
15	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
16	in	in	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	18	nmod:poss	_	_
18	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obl	_	_
19	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	nsubj	_	_
20	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	21	aux	_	_
21	travelled	travell	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	13	acl:relcl	_	_
22	much	much	ADV	RB	_	21	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
25	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	27	nsubj	_	_
26	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	27	aux	_	_
27	heard	hear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	21	conj	_	_
28	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
29	seen	see	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	32	amod	_	_
30	so	so	ADV	RB	_	31	advmod	_	_
31	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	32	amod	_	_
32	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	27	obj	_	_
33	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	39	nsubj	_	_
34	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	39	nsubj	_	_
35	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	39	aux	_	_
36	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	39	advmod	_	_
37	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	39	cop	_	_
38	easily	easily	ADV	RB	_	39	advmod	_	_
39	surprised	surprised	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	32	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
40	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | Hakuōdō | a old man |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **travell** | past · perfect | Hakuōdō | a old man *not said here* |  |  | time |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **hear** | past · perfect | Hakuōdō | seen many things |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer thing=Stimulus |
| 4 | **see** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 5 | **not** **is** | could | seen many things |  |  |  |  | Hakuōdō *nsubj*; easily, surprised *property* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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